Recurrence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Nine years after a bilateral lung transplantation

Table 2 Summary of cases with recurrence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis following lung transplantation

Ref.	No. of patients	Type oftransplant	Age at transplantation(yr)	Donor	Post-transplant immunosuppressive drugs	Post-transplant complications	Outcomes
O'Brien et al[5]	1	Single right	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Bittmann et al[8,9]	1	Single right	34	Male Cadaveric	NA	Pneumothorax	Survival 2 yr COD: pneumothorax and hypoxemia
Karbowniczek et al[1]	1	Single right	42	Male cadaveric	Cyclosporine, Azathioprine, Prednisone	Chylous pleural effusion	Survival 2 yr COD: Aspergillus pneumonia,
							Recurrence of LAM was confirmed on autopsy
Chen et al[7]	1	Bilateral Living-donor lobar	23	Mother and sister	NA	Massive chylous pleural effusion and ascites	Not known, but she was diagnosed with recurrence of LAM in left lung 2 yr after transplantation due to characteristics cystic changes and pathological confirmation
Sugimoto et al[6]	1	Bilateral Living-donor lobar	23	Brother	Tacrolimus, Prednisone	Un-eventful course	Dyspnea and pleural effusion following 5 yr post-transplant, sirolimus 1-2 mg/d helped resolve pleural effusion and improved lung function and symptoms
Benden et al[10]	4	NA	NA	NA	Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Prednisone, Azathioprine	Surgical complications, respiratory tract infections, pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism	Not specified for recurrence of LAM, 5 yr survival was estimated to be 34%

NA: Not available; COD: Cause of death; LAM: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.