Implementation of an opioid-sparing protocol utilizing liposomal bupivacaine and intravenous ketorolac for pain management after living kidney donation

Table 3 Medication usage by study group (n = 52)

	Pre-protocol group (n = 26)	Post-protocol group (n = 26)
Acetaminophen received in first 48 hours post-operatively (mg)	3250.0 (2000.0, 4000.0)	2600.0 (1950.0, 4950.0)
OME received in first 48 hours post-operatively	84.5 (42.0, 133.0)	69.0 (18.0, 112.5)
Total OME for admission	113.8 (50.0, 185.0)	69.0 (34.0, 121.5)
OME per LOS (days)	37.9 (18.0, 52.8)	25.7 (9.4, 37.5)
LOS (days)	3.0 (2.0, 3.0)	3.0 (2.0, 3.0)
Mean pain score (POD#1)	5.3 (4.0, 6.4)	4.4 (3.6, 6.7)
Mean pain score (POD#2)	4.7 (3.7, 6.3)	5.2 (2.7, 6.5)
Mean pain score for overall LOS1	4.7 (3.5, 5.6)	4.4 (2.7, 5.9)
Doses of ketorolac received	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	2.0 (1.0, 3.0)
Received liposomal bupivacaine	0 (0.0%)	23 (88.5%)

¹Mean pain score for overall length of stay had 2 missing values.

Median (IQR) for continuous variables and frequency (%) for categorical variables. OME: Oral morphine equivalent; LOS: Length of stay.