Effect of frailty as measured by functional impairment on long-term outcomes in liver transplantation in the United States

Table 4 Multi-variable analysis for frailty status at transplant

Variables	Odds ratio	The lower boundary of the 95%CI, i.e., 2.5% of CI	The upper boundary of the 95%CI, i.e., 97.5% of CI	P value	Coefficient	SE	Statistics values
Donation pathway (ref: Donation after brain death)
Donation after circulatory death	1.86	1.30	2.65	< 0.001a	0.62	0.18	3.44
Donor's age group (ref: > 64 years)
18-34 years	1.19	0.48	2.99	0.70	0.18	0.46	0.38
35-49 years	1.53	0.62	3.79	0.36	0.42	0.46	0.92
50-64 years	1.05	0.42	2.63	0.92	0.05	0.47	0.10
Donor continued use cigarette in past 6 month (ref: No)
Yes	1.09	0.73	1.63	0.68	0.08	0.20	0.41
Donor's history of cocaine use (ref: No)
Yes	1.15	0.75	1.77	0.53	0.14	0.22	0.63
Donor gender (ref: Female)
Male	1.09	0.78	1.50	0.62	0.08	0.16	0.50
Donor BMI (kg/m2)	0.99	0.96	1.02	0.49	-0.01	0.01	-0.69
Donor's history of diabetes (ref: No)
Yes	0.78	0.42	1.47	0.43	-0.25	0.32	-0.78
Donor's history of hypertension (ref: No)
Yes	0.65	0.44	0.96	0.03a	-0.43	0.20	-2.20
High risk for organ donor (ref: No)
Yes	1.11	0.69	1.81	0.68	0.10	0.25	0.42
Donor's race (ref: White)
Black or African American	1.19	0.72	2.01	0.51	0.17	0.26	0.66
Hispanic Latino	0.75	0.43	1.34	0.32	-0.29	0.29	-0.99
Others	0.53	0.23	1.29	0.15	-0.63	0.43	-1.44
Donor warm ischemic time (minutes)	1.00	0.99	1.02	0.85	0.00	0.01	0.19
Recipient's age group (ref: > 64 years)
18-34 years	0.65	0.16	2.90	0.55	-0.43	0.72	-0.60
35-49 years	0.83	0.48	1.44	0.51	-0.18	0.28	-0.65
50-64 years	1.12	0.69	1.79	0.63	0.11	0.24	0.48
Recipient gender (ref: Female)
Male	0.80	0.56	1.13	0.21	-0.23	0.18	-1.26
Recipient race (ref: White)
Black or African American	0.65	0.39	1.10	0.10	-0.42	0.26	-1.63
Hispanic Latino	1.62	1.00	2.71	0.06	0.48	0.25	1.90
Others	1.26	0.59	2.90	0.56	0.23	0.40	0.58
Recipient primary diagnosis (ref: Alcohol-associated)
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis	0.95	0.53	1.70	0.85	-0.06	0.30	-0.19
Other/mixed	0.87	0.52	1.46	0.60	-0.14	0.26	-0.52
Viral	0.79	0.53	1.17	0.24	-0.24	0.20	-1.19
Model for end-stage liver disease score	1.10	1.08	1.13	< 0.001a	0.10	0.01	8.79
Recipient BMI (kg/m2)	1.01	0.98	1.04	0.65	0.01	0.01	0.46
Recipient warm ischemic time (minutes)	0.989	0.983	0.996	0.002a	-0.01	0.00	-3.08

^astatistically significant at a significance level of 0.05.

The models were done after excluding 12 patients with outliers in variable ‘recipients’ body mass index. BMI: Body mass index; Ref: Reference group.