Effect of frailty as measured by functional impairment on long-term outcomes in liver transplantation in the United States

Table 3 Multi-variable analysis for mortality (mortality time are within 1 month, 6 months, 12 months)

Variables	1 month				6 months				12 months
	OR	L	U	P value	OR	L	U	P value	OR	L	U	P value
Donation pathway (ref: Donation after brain death)
Donation after circulatory death	1.16	0.48	3.03	0.75	1.08	0.62	1.95	0.79	1.01	0.62	1.69	0.95
Donor's age group (ref: > 64 years)
18-34 years	-	-	-	-	0.66	0.15	4.58	0.61	0.37	0.12	1.47	0.12
35-49 years	-	-	-	-	0.61	0.14	4.24	0.55	0.44	0.14	1.71	0.19
50-64 years	-	-	-	-	1.41	0.34	9.71	0.67	0.88	0.28	3.43	0.84
Donor continued use cigarette in past 6 month (ref: No)
Yes	0.79	0.26	2.08	0.66	0.78	0.40	1.45	0.45	0.68	0.38	1.19	0.19
Donor's history of cocaine use (ref: No)
Yes	1.39	0.46	3.65	0.52	0.50	0.21	1.04	0.09	0.59	0.29	1.09	0.11
Donor gender (ref: Female)
Male	1.18	0.52	2.89	0.70	1.38	0.82	2.40	0.24	1.41	0.89	2.28	0.15
Donor BMI (kg/m2)	1.04	0.96	1.12	0.28	0.99	0.94	1.04	0.75	0.99	0.94	1.03	0.51
Donor's history of diabetes (ref: No)
Yes	2.56	0.59	9.13	0.17	1.78	0.68	4.23	0.21	1.59	0.67	3.50	0.26
Donor's history of hypertension (ref: No)
Yes	2.02	0.76	5.17	0.15	1.39	0.74	2.54	0.29	1.36	0.79	2.30	0.26
High risk for organ donor (ref: No)
Yes	0.93	0.24	2.80	0.91	0.86	0.36	1.83	0.71	1.19	0.60	2.21	0.60
Donor's race (ref: White)
Black or African American	0.36	0.05	1.40	0.20	0.84	0.33	1.84	0.68	0.66	0.28	1.37	0.30
Hispanic Latino	0.23	0.01	1.23	0.17	0.67	0.22	1.67	0.43	0.72	0.28	1.59	0.45
Others	0.63	0.03	3.71	0.68	1.95	0.53	5.64	0.26	1.30	0.36	3.63	0.65
Donor warm ischemic time	0.99	0.95	1.03	0.73	1.01	0.98	1.03	0.40	1.01	0.99	1.03	0.35
Recipient's age group (ref: > 64 years)
18-34 years	3.86	0.33	45.54	0.26	1.55	0.20	7.94	0.63	1.83	0.34	7.71	0.44
35-49 years	1.44	0.29	10.60	0.68	0.91	0.39	2.23	0.83	0.71	0.34	1.53	0.37
50-64 years	1.80	0.48	11.91	0.45	0.92	0.45	2.02	0.82	0.79	0.43	1.52	0.46
Recipient gender (ref: Female)
Male	1.27	0.53	3.28	0.61	1.84	1.04	3.39	0.04	1.76	1.07	2.98	0.03
Recipient race (ref: White)
Black or African American	3.36	1.12	9.14	0.02	1.62	0.73	3.32	0.21	1.32	0.64	2.54	0.43
Hispanic Latino	2.80	0.99	7.27	0.04	1.01	0.48	1.96	0.98	0.95	0.50	1.71	0.86
Others	-	-	-	-	1.11	0.25	3.46	0.88	1.03	0.29	2.87	0.96
Recipient primary diagnosis (ref: Alcohol-associated)
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis	2.37	0.48	11.44	0.27	1.95	0.79	4.71	0.14	1.43	0.63	3.15	0.38
Other/mixed	6.06	1.86	24.03	a	2.07	0.92	4.62	0.08	1.92	0.95	3.90	0.07
Viral	1.94	0.63	7.33	0.28	1.87	1.00	3.67	0.06	1.98	1.15	3.54	0.02
Model for end-stage liver disease score	1.06	1.02	1.12	0.01	1.05	1.02	1.08	0.00	1.04	1.02	1.07	a
Recipient BMI (kg/m2)	1.02	0.96	1.09	0.50	1.00	0.96	1.05	0.95	1.02	0.98	1.05	0.41
Recipient warm ischemic time	1.00	0.98	1.02	0.81	0.99	0.98	1.00	0.21	0.99	0.98	1.00	0.32
Ventilator (ref: No)
Yes	3.93	0.83	15.26	0.06	3.91	1.28	11.13	0.01	4.73	1.71	12.71	a
Frail status at transplant (non-frailty)
Frailty	1.04	0.40	2.99	0.94	1.60	0.86	3.12	0.15	1.89	1.09	3.41	0.03

^aThe P value is less than 0.001.

The models were done after excluding 12 patients with outliers in variable ‘recipients’ body mass index. BMI: Body mass index; L: The lower boundary of the 95%CI, i.e. 2.5% of CI; OR: Odds ratio; Ref: Reference group; U: The upper boundary of the 95%CI; -: The values are large due to the sample size and the P value is not significant, so does not show the exact value the table.