Effect of frailty as measured by functional impairment on long-term outcomes in liver transplantation in the United States

doi:10.5500/wjt.v15.i2.98228

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World Journal of Transplantation

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2220-3230

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Transplant. Jun 18, 2025; 15(2): 98228
Published online Jun 18, 2025. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v15.i2.98228

Table 2 Donor characteristics stratified by recipient frailty status, n (%)

Recipient status, donor characteristics	Total (n = 37427)	Frail (n = 30943)	Non-frail (n = 6484)	P value
Age group				< 0.001^a
18-34 years	12966 (34.6)	10955 (35.4)	2011 (31.0)
35-49 years	10829 (28.9)	8912 (28.8)	1917 (29.6)
50-64 years	10478 (28.0)	8580 (27.7)	1898 (29.3)
> 64 years	3154 (8.4)	2496 (8.1)	658 (10.1)
Gender				0.758
Male	22517 (60.2)	18605 (60.1)	3912 (60.3)
Female	14910 (39.8)	12338 (39.9)	2572 (39.7)
Race				< 0.001^a
White	24549 (65.6)	20265 (65.5)	4284 (66.1)
Black or African American	6703 (17.9)	5565 (18.0)	1138 (17.6)
Hispanic Latino	4878 (13.0)	4120 (13.3)	758 (11.7)
Others	1297 (3.5)	993 (3.2)	304 (4.7)
Body mass index (kg/m²), mean (SD)	28.1 (6.5)	28.1 (6.5)	28.0 (6.5)	0.378
ABO blood group				< 0.001^a
A group	14889 (39.8)	12313 (39.8)	2576 (39.7)
AB group	503 (1.3)	380 (1.2)	123 (1.9)
B group	4520 (12.1)	3545 (11.5)	975 (15.0)
O group	17515 (46.8)	14705 (47.5)	2810 (43.3)
Donation pathway				0.414
Donation after brain death	35319 (94.4)	29214 (94.4)	6105 (94.2)
Donation after circulatory death	2108 (5.6)	1729 (5.6)	379 (5.8)
Cause of death				< 0.001^a
Anoxia	11695 (31.2)	9900 (32.0)	1795 (27.7)
Cerebrovascular/stroke	13389 (35.8)	10802 (34.9)	2587 (39.9)
Head trauma	11366 (30.4)	9448 (30.5)	1918 (29.6)
Central nervous system tumor	166 (0.4)	126 (0.4)	40 (0.6)
Others	811 (2.2)	667 (2.2)	144 (2.2)
Cigarette use in last 6 months				< 0.001^a
No	29766 (79.5)	24762 (80.0)	5004 (77.2)
Yes	7661 (20.5)	6181 (20.0)	1480 (22.8)
History of cocaine				0.001^a
No	30223 (80.8)	24895 (80.5)	5328 (82.2)
Yes	7204 (19.2)	6048 (19.5)	1156 (17.8)
History of diabetes				0.174
No	32921 (88.0)	27250 (88.1)	5671 (87.5)
Yes	4506 (12.0)	3693 (11.9)	813 (12.5)
History of hypertension				< 0.001^a
No	23610 (63.1)	19677 (63.6)	3933 (60.7)
Yes	13817 (36.9)	11266 (36.4)	2551 (39.3)
High risk for organ donor				< 0.001^a
No	29843 (79.7)	24477 (79.1)	5366 (82.8)
Yes	7584 (20.3)	6466 (20.9)	1118 (17.2)
Warm ischemic time, minute, mean (SD)	3.8 (8.3)	3.5 (7.8)	5.9 (10.5)	< 0.001^a

^astatistically significant at a significance level of 0.05.

Citation: Balogh J, Mubashir T, Li Y, Digbeu BD, Hegde N, Pour FM, Rezapour M, Lai HY, West K, Chaudhry RA, Williams GW, Maroufy V. Effect of frailty as measured by functional impairment on long-term outcomes in liver transplantation in the United States. World J Transplant 2025; 15(2): 98228
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3230/full/v15/i2/98228.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v15.i2.98228