Expanding role of antibodies in kidney transplantation

Table 1 The main milestones in the history of role of antibodies in kidney transplantation

Period	Key discoveries	Researchers
Early 20th century	Discovery of blood group antigens	Karl Landsteiner
1950s	Identification of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)	Jean Dausset
1952	First kidney transplant between living donor (mother) and son	N. Oeconomas, J. Hamburger
1954	First successful kidney transplant between identical twins	J P Merrill, J Murray
1964	Development of microcytotoxicity assay for detecting anti-HLA antibodies	Paul Terasaki
1970s-1980s	Elucidation of antibody-mediated graft damage mechanisms	Fritz Bach, John D. Dingell
1983	Introduction of flow cytometry and solid-phase assays	Margaret R Garovoy
1990s	Use of C4d in kidney transplant biopsies	H E Feuchet
2005	Virtual cross-match in kidney transplantation