Statin, aspirin and metformin use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma related outcomes following liver transplantation: A retrospective study

Table 5 Univariate and multivariate analysis for the endpoint of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value
Sex	1.88 (95%CI: 0.63-5.60)	0.26	2.27 (95%CI: 0.64-8.02)	0.22
Age at LT	1.02 (95%CI: 0.98-1.07)	0.84	1.01 (95%CI: 0.96-1.05)	0.81
Aetiology of liver disease
HBV	2.09 (95%CI: 0.98-4.45)	0.06	1.98 (95%CI: 0.92-4.27)	0.081
HCV	1.68 (95%CI: 0.80-3.49)	0.17
NAFLD	0.50 (95%CI: 0.14-1.78)	0.28
Statin use	0.52 (95%CI: 0.22-1.26)	0.40	0.52 (95%CI: 0.20-1.35)	0.18
Aspirin use	0.32 (95%CI: 0.07-1.43)	0.14	0.51 (95%CI: 0.14-1.93)	0.32
Metformin use	0.90 (95%CI: 0.33-2.46)	0.84	1.0 (95%CI: 0.37-2.72)	1.00
Statin, aspirin or metformin use1	0.61 (95%CI: 0.27-1.37)	0.45	0.64 (95% 0.27-1.53)	0.31
MTORi use	0.97 (95%CI: 0.49-1.93)	0.94	0.68 (95%CI: 0.41-1.13)	0.14
Pre LT co-morbidities
Diabetes	0.67 (95%CI: 0.30-1.51)	0.33
Stroke	1.88 (95%CI: 0.26-13.50)	0.53
Hypertension	0.67 (95%CI: 0.26-1.73)	0.41
Obesity	0.96 (95%CI: 0.45-2.08)	0.92
Ischaemic heart disease	N/A	N/A
Total cholesterol mmol/L	0.59 (95%CI: 0.25-1.42)	0.24
Other variables
Microvascular invasion	5.34 (95%CI: 2.54-11.21)	< 0.01	4.04 (95%CI: 1.81-9.04)	< 0.01
AFP > 100 ng/mL pre-LT	4.20 (95%CI: 1.86-9.51)	< 0.01	3.14 (95%CI: 1.33-7.41)	< 0.01
Pre-LT regional treatments ≥ 3	2.27 (95%CI: 1.07-4.84)	0.033	1.46 (95%CI: 0.60-3.52)	0.40
Pre-LT size of largest lesion ≥ 3 cm	3 (95%CI: 1.43-6.31)	< 0.01	2.21 (0.96-5.06)	0.062
Beyond Milan	4.31 (95%CI: 2.09-8.89)	< 0.01
Beyond up-to-7	4.59 (95%CI: 2.22-9.49)	< 0.01	2.82 (95%CI: 1.35-5.89)	< 0.01
Complete response at LT	0.36 (95%CI: 0.14-0.92))	0.034	0.66 (95%CI: 0.24-1.81)	0.42

¹Multivariate analysis performed separately with the composite variable of statins, aspirin or metformin use included a priori.

N/A indicates numbers insufficient to calculate hazard ratio, confidence interval, and P value. Hypertension: Systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg. HBV: Hepatitis B; HCV: Hepatitis C; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; AFP: Alfa-fetoprotein; BMI: Body mass index; LT: Liver transplantation.