Pediatric and adult liver transplantation in Bahrain: The experiences in a country with no available liver transplant facilities

Table 5 Complications during or after liver transplantation

Complicationsa	Total, n = 93/149 (62.4)	Pediatrics, n = 33/46 (71.7)	Adults, n = 60/103 (58.3)	P valueb
Infection episodes	58 (38.9)	29 (63.0)	29 (28.2)	< 0.001
Tonsillitis	12 (8.1)	10 (21.7)	2 (1.9)	< 0.001
Sepsis	12 (8.1)	3 (6.5)	9 (8.7)	0.755
Acute gastroenteritis	11 (7.4)	7 (15.2)	4 (3.9)	0.035
Cytomegalovirus	7 (4.7)	7 (15.2)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Fever of unclear cause	7 (4.7)	1 (2.2)	6 (5.8)	0.437
Pneumonia	7 (4.7)	5 (10.9)	2 (1.9)	0.029
Other infections1	31 (20.8)	16 (34.8)	15 (14.6)	0.016
Biliary stricture	29 (19.5)	5 (10.9)	24 (23.3)	0.115
Rejection	15 (10.1)	10 (21.7)	5 (4.9)	0.003
Early poor graft function	9 (6.0)	6 (13.0)	3 (2.9)	0.025
Incisional hernia	9 (6.0)	3 (6.5)	6 (5.8)	1.000
Surgical wound complications	8 (5.4)	2 (4.3)	6 (5.8)	1.000
Bleeding	4 (2.7)	2 (4.3)	2 (1.9)	0.587
Hepatic artery complications	2 (1.3)	1 (2.2)	1 (0.9)	0.524
Portal vein thrombosis	2 (1.3)	1 (2.2)	1 (0.9)	0.524
Gastric perforation	2 (1.3)	2 (4.3)	0 (0.0)	0.094
Chylous ascites	2 (1.3)	1 (2.2)	1 (0.9)	0.524
Other complications2	9 (6.0)	3 (6.5)	6 (5.6)	1.000

^aSome patients had more than one complication.

^bFisher’s exact test.

Data are presented as number and percentage. Boldface indicates a statistically significant difference with P < 0.05.

¹In pediatrics: Herpetic gingivostomatitis (n = 3), herpes zoster infection and septic shock (n = 2 each), bronchitis, chickenpox, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, candidal stomatitis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, hepatitis, lymphadenitis, colitis, cholangitis, and viremia (n = 1 each). In adults: Lymphadenitis (n = 3), septic shock and cellulitis (n = 2 each), bronchitis, candidiasis, peritonitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatic abscess, and herpes zoster infection (n = 1 each).

²In pediatrics: Post liver transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, pancreatitis, and diabetes mellitus (n = 1 each). In adults: Post liver transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and myoglobulinemia of unknown significance (n = 2 each), post-transplant dialysis and pleural effusion (n = 1 each).