Pediatric and adult liver transplantation in Bahrain: The experiences in a country with no available liver transplant facilities

Table 4 Medications used after liver transplantation

Medicationsa	Total, n = 150/167 (89.8)	Pediatrics, n = 44/47 (93.6)	Adults, n = 106/120 (88.3)	P valueb
Immunosuppressive medications	142 (94.7)	40 (90.9)	102 (96.2)	0.234
Tacrolimus	126 (84.0)	38 (86.4)	88 (83.0)	0.807
Prednisolone	76 (50.7)	32 (72.7)	44 (41.5)	0.001
Mycophenolic acid	73 (48.7)	14 (31.8)	59 (55.7)	0.012
Cyclosporine A	13 (8.7)	4 (9.1)	9 (8.5)	1.000
Azathioprine	8 (5.3)	5 (11.4)	3 (2.8)	0.048
Everolimus	7 (4.7)	0 (0.0)	7 (6.6)	0.106
Baziliximab	1 (0.7)	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	0.293
Dietary supplementations	109 (72.7)	37 (84.1)	72 (67.9)	0.046
Calcium	77 (51.3)	18 (40.9)	59 (55.7)	0.110
Vitamin D	63 (42.0)	22 (50.0)	41 (38.7)	0.210
Magnesium	35 (23.3)	20 (45.5)	15 (14.2)	< 0.001
Multivitamin	32 (21.3)	27 (61.4)	5 (4.7)	< 0.001
Folic acid	30 (20.0)	14 (31.8)	16 (15.1)	0.026
Iron	22 (14.7)	11 (25.0)	11 (10.4)	0.040
Biotin	4 (2.7)	4 (9.1)	0 (0.0)	0.007
Carnitine	2 (1.3)	2 (4.5)	0 (0.0)	0.085
Antiviral (valganciclovir)	23 (15.3)	20 (45.5)	3 (2.8)	< 0.001
Antibiotics	20 (13.3)	18 (40.9)	2 (1.9)	< 0.001
Aminoglycosides	15 (10.0)	15 (34.1)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Co-trimoxazole	12 (8.0)	10 (22.7)	2 (1.9)	< 0.001
Antifungal medications	9 (6.0)	8 (18.2)	1 (0.9)	< 0.001
Fluconazole	7 (4.7)	6 (13.6)	1 (0.9)	0.003
Amphotericin B	2 (1.3)	2 (4.5)	0 (0.0)	0.085
Other medications	135 (90.0)	38 (86.4)	97 (91.5)	0.375
Proton pump inhibitors	96 (64.0)	21 (47.7)	75 (70.8)	0.009
Urosodeoxycholic acid	91 (60.7)	27 (61.4)	64 (60.4)	1.000
N-acetylcysteine	66/118 (55.9)	10/29 (34.5)	56/89 (62.9)	0.010
Aspirin	57 (38.0)	22 (50.0)	35 (33.0)	0.065

^aSome patients received more than one medication.

^bFisher’s exact test.

Data are presented as number and percentage. Boldface indicates a statistically significant difference with P < 0.05.