Pediatric and adult liver transplantation in Bahrain: The experiences in a country with no available liver transplant facilities

Table 2 Indications of liver transplantation in pediatrics and adults in Bahrain

Indications of liver transplantationa	Total, n (%)
Pediatric indications	47 (28.1)
Biliary atresia	15 (31.9)
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis	9 (19.1)
Metabolic diseasesb	7 (14.9)
Alagille’s syndrome	3 (6.4)
Autoimmune hepatitis	3 (6.4)
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	3 (6.4)
Cystic fibrosis liver disease	2 (4.3)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	2 (4.3)
Cytomegalovirus hepatitis	2 (4.3)
Othersc	8 (17.0)
Adult indications	120 (71.9)
Hepatitis C-related cirrhosis	42 (35.0)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis	19 (15.8)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	18 (15.0)
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	17 (14.2)
Hepatitis B virus	15 (12.5)
Cryptogenic cirrhosis	13 (10.8)
Autoimmune hepatitis	9 (7.5)
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis	4 (3.3)
Othersd	5 (4.2)

^aSome patients had more than one indication for liver transplantation. Data are presented as number and percentage.

^bUrea cycle defect (n = 3) [argininosuccinic aciduria type 1 (n = 2) and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (n = 1)], propionic academia (n = 2), tyrosinemia, and Wilson’s disease (n = 1 each).

^cCholedocal cyst type 4 (n = 2), hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, neonatal hepatitis, liver metastasis due to Wilms tumor, cryptogenic, Crigler Najjar syndrome type 1, and neonatal hemochromatosis (n = 1 each).

^dCholangiocarcinoma, hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia, bilharzial liver disease, biliary atresia, and unspecified viral hepatitis (n = 1 each).