Reduced upper limb lean mass on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry predicts adverse outcomes in male liver transplant recipients

Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics based on gender and presence of sarcopenia defined by low appendicular lean mass[8]

	Non-sarcopenic (n = 355, 75.7%)	Sarcopenic (n = 114, 24.3%)	P value
Age, indication for transplantation	55 (48, 60)	54 (46, 58)	0.253
Viral hepatitis	106 (30%)	32 (28%)	0.715
Alcohol	30 (8%)	21 (18%)	0.003a
Hepatoma	96 (27%)	26 (23%)	0.370
PBC/PSC/AIH	66 (19%)	18 (16%)	0.497
Bilirubin (μmol/L)	57 (28, 114)	47.5 (25, 91.5)	0.324
Albumin (g/L)	29 (24, 33)	30 (25, 25)	0.172
INR	1.4 (1.2, 1.7)	1.4 (1.2, 1.6)	0.786
Ascites	188 (53%)	71 (62%)	0.082
Encephalopathy	163 (46%)	57 (50%)	0.401
MELD score	16 (12, 20)	16 (12, 19)	0.934
Operative data
Total operative time (min)	465 (397, 534)	445 (291, 510)	0.162
Peak ALT	884 (509, 1525)	933 (496, 1494)	0.991
Cold ischaemic time (min)	381 (318, 479)	384 (303, 473)	0.530
Warm ischaemic time (min)	45 (39, 52)	44 (38, 50)	0.212
RBC transfusions (units)	2 (0, 4)	2 (0, 5)	0.008a

^aP value < 0.05.

PBC: Primary biliary cholangitis; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model for end stage liver disease; ALT: Alanine transaminase; RBC: Red blood cell.