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World J Transplant. Mar 18, 2022; 12(3): 42-54
Published online Mar 18, 2022. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v12.i3.42
Table 1 Management for hypertension following renal transplantation
Blood pressure management
Interventions
Comments
Non-pharmacological managementDietary sodium restriction; Weight reduction; Exercise; Smoking cessation; Stress reduction
Pharmacological therapyAntihypertensive medications: -Diuretics; -Calcium channel blockers; -Beta-blockers; -Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system blockade; -Alpha1 antagonists; -Alpha 2 agonistsMedication choice depends on patient characteristics, adverse effects, tolerability
Invasive interventions -Transplant renal artery angioplasty +/- stenting; -Continuous positive airway pressure; -Bilateral native nephrectomy; -Native renal denervation-Transplant renal artery stenosis; -Obstructive sleep apnea; -Failed native kidney; -Sympathetic overactivity
Adjustment of Immunosuppressive Medication-Steroid withdrawal protocol; -Minimize dose of calcineurin inhibitors; -Replace CsA by using less hypertensive and less nephrotoxic drugsOther drugs that can be used: -MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; -Tacrolimus; -Sirolimus