Role of immunotherapy in downsizing hepatocellular carcinoma prior to liver transplantation

Table 2 Summary of case reports assessing immune checkpoint inhibitors as a downstaging and/or bridging therapy prior to liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Sex	Age, yr	Underlying liver disease	ICI	Cycles (d)	Washout period	Post-LT outcome
M	66	ALD	Nivolumab	34	105	No rejection
M	65	HCV	Nivolumab	44	8	Fatal rejection
M	39	HBV	Toripalimab	10	93	Fatal rejection
M	69	None	Nivolumab	21	18	No rejection
F	56	HCV	Nivolumab	8	22	No rejection
M	58	HBV	Nivolumab	32	1	No rejection
M	63	HCV	Nivolumab	4	2	No rejection
M	30	HBV	Nivolumab	25	22	Mild rejection1
M	63	HBV	Nivolumab	4	13	No rejection
M	66	HBV	Nivolumab	9	253	No rejection
F	55	HBV	Nivolumab	12	7	No rejection
F	53	NASH	Nivolumab	2	30	No rejection
M	61	HBV	Durvalumab	NA	> 90	No rejection
M	53 ± 12.1	NA	Camrelizumab and/or Pembrolizumab	3 ± 2	870 on average	1 rejection in the cohort1

¹The rejection was appropriately treated and the patient suffered no major adverse outcomes. ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitor; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; M: Male; F: Female; LT: Liver transplantation; ALD: Alcoholic liver disease; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NA: Not available.