Role of immunotherapy in downsizing hepatocellular carcinoma prior to liver transplantation

Table 1 Clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Trial name	Phase	Intervention	Status
Single-agent immunotherapy
NCT02576509	III	Nivolumab vs sorafenib	Completed
NCT02702414	II	Pembrolizumab (single-arm study)	Completed
NCT02702401	III	Pembrolizumab vs BSC	Completed
NCT03062358	III	Pembrolizumab and BSC vs BSC and placebo	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: June 2023
NCT03412773	III	Tislelizumab vs sorafenib	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: May 2022
NCT02989922	II/III	Camrelizumab (single-arm study)	Not yet completed
NCT01008358	II	Tremelimumab (single-arm study)	Completed
Combination of immunotherapy with other treatment modalities1
NCT02423343	I/II	Galunisertib and nivolumab (dose escalation and cohort expansion study)	Completed
NCT03893695	I/II	Ascrinvacumab and nivolumab (single-arm study)	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: June 2022
NCT03059147	I	PI3 kinase/BRD4 inhibitor small molecule and nivolumab (single-arm study)	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: October 2022
NCT03211416	I/II	Pembrolizumab and sorafenib	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: December 2022
NCT03713593	III	Lenvatinib and pembrolizumab vs Lenvatinib and placebo	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: December 2023
NCT03316872	II	Pembrolizumab and SBRT (single-arm study)	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: December 2023
NCT03099564	I	Pembrolizumab and Radioembolization (single-arm study)	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: June 2022
NCT03939975	II	Pembrolizumab or nivolumab or toripalimab with thermal ablation, RFA or MWA	Completed
NCT02715531	I	Atezolizumab with bevacizumab or other chemotherapy agents	Completed
NCT03434379	III	Atezolizumab and bevacizumab vs Sorafenib	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: June 2022
NCT03755791	III	Atezolizumab and cabozantinib vs sorafenib vs cabozantinib	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: December 2023
NCT04310709	II	Reforafenib and Nivolumab (single-arm study)	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: May 2023
NCT03869034	II	HAIC and sintilimab vs HAIC	Completed
NCT03794440	II/III	Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody and sintilimab vs sorafenib	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: December 2022
NCT03764293	III	Apatinib and PD1 monoclonal antibody vs sorafenib	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: June 2022
NCT03755739	II/III	Pembrolizumab and/or ipilimumab administered via arterial infusion or intra-tumor fine needle injection vs pembrolizumab and/or ipilimumab administered via vein infusion	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: November 2033
NCT04273100	II	PD1 monoclonal antibody and TACE and lenvatinib (single-arm study)	Not yet completed
NCT03857815	II	PD1 monoclonal antibody and SBRT (single-arm study)	Not yet completed
NCT01853618	I/II	Tremelimumab and/or TACE and/or RFA (sequential assignment)	Completed
NCT04124991	I/II	Durvalumab and TARE (single-arm study)	Not yet completed
NCT03475953	I/II	Regorafenib and avelumab (sequential assignment)	Not yet completed; estimated completion date: December 2022

¹Combination therapy includes using two or more ICIs, an ICI plus systemic therapy and/or ICI plus LRT. BSC: Best supportive care; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; TAE: Transarterial embolization; PI3 kinase: Phosphoinositide 3 kinase; BRD4 inhibitor: Bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor; SBRT: Stereotactic body radiotherapy; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; MWA: Microwave ablation; HAIC: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PD1: Programmed cell death receptor; ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitor; LRT: Locoregional therapy.