Native and transplant kidney histopathological manifestations in association with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review

Table 1 Native kidney biopsy outcomes of collapsing glomerulopathy in coronavirus disease 2019 cases

Ref.	Age	Sex	Ethnicity	Comorbidities		Renal Px	Baseline creatinine (mg/dL)	Presentation creatinine (mg/dL)	Presentation proteinuria (g/day)	Presentation albumin (g/L)	Treatment received	Outcome (renal and survival)	RRT needed	Time to biopsy	Haematuria
Kudose et al[13]	46	M	B	Obesity		AKI, NS	1.1	12.5	5.8	3.1	Tocilizumab/Steroids	DD	Yes	-	< 10
Kudose et al[13]	62	M	B	HTN, prostate cancer, CKD		AKI, NS	2	10.7	12.1	3.1	None	DI	No	-	< 10
Kudose et al[13]	62	M	B	HTN, DM, prostate Cancer		AKI, NRP	1	11.6	19	2.4	HCQ, Steroids	DI	No	-	-
Kudose et al[13]	57	M	B	HTN, hepatitis C, CKD		AKI, NRP	1.1	4.9	6.2	2.5	None	DI	No	-	< 10
Kudose et al[13]	61	M	B	HTN, obesity		AKI, NRP	Normal	15	9	2.5	-	DD	Yes	-	-
Sharma et al[14]	77	F	B	HTN		AKI	1	8.15	1.5	-	HCQ, Steroids	DI	Yes	-	No
Wu et al[16]	63	M	B	HTN, DM		-	1.3	4.9	12.7	-	-	DD	Yes	-	< 10
Wu et al[16]	64	F	B	HTN, DM		-	1.5	4.2	4.6	-	-	DI	No	-	Negative
Wu et al[16]	65	F	B	HTN, DM		-	1.3	2.9	13.6	-	-	Died	Yes	-	Negative
Wu et al[16]	44	M	B	-		-	1.4	11.4	25	-	-	DD	Yes	-	50-100
Wu et al[16]	37	M	B	-		-	1	9	-	-	-	Died	Yes	-	< 10
Wu et al[16]	56	M	B	HTN		-	1.2	6.7	3.6	-	-	DI	Yes	-	> 100
Akilesh et al[17]	46	M	B	HTN		AKI, NS	-	8.7	13.7	-	-	DD	Yes	2 wk	No
Akilesh et al[17]	60	F	B	HTN		AKI, NRP	-	5.7	21	-	-	-	-	4 wk	No
Akilesh et al[17]	58	F	B	HTN		AKI, NS	-	10.2	20	-	-	DD	Yes	-	-
Akilesh et al[17]	44	M	H	-		AKI, NRP	-	12	11.4	-	-	DD	Yes	6 wk	No
Akilesh et al[17]	58	M	B	-		AKI, NRP	-	11.3	4	-	-	DI	Yes	Day 4	Yes
Akilesh et al[17]	47	M	B	HTN		AKI, TMA	-	6.6	7.6	-	-	DD	Yes	Day 25	Yes
Akilesh et al[17]	63	F	B	HTN		AKI, NRP, TMA	-	6	20	-	-	DD	Yes	Day 10-14	Yes
Gupta et al[18]	71	M	I	HTN, DM		AKI, NS	1.19	4.49	18.46	2	Steroid (Prednisolone 60mg OD)	DD	Yes	1st-D6, 2nd 2 mo	No
Gupta et al[18]	54	M	B	HTN, DM		AKI, NS	1.08	4.67	16	1.6	None	-	No	Day 30	No
Noble et al[43]	54	M	B	HTN, obesity		AKI, NRP	125	6.54	4.08	-	None	DI	Yes	Day 16	Yes
Kissling et al[19]	63	M	B	HTN		AKI, NRP	-	1.2	5	-	None	DI	No	Day 8	-
Magoon et al[21]	28	M	B	-		AKI	-	0.99	2	-	None	DI	Yes	Day 7-34	Yes
Magoon et al[21]	56	M	B	HTN, CKD		AKI, NRP	-	3.17	21	-	None	DI	Yes	-	Yes
Gaillard et al[20]	79	M	B	HTN, MGUS, CKD		AKI, NRP	-	2.55	11.4	2.9	Dexamethasone, lopinavir/ritonavir, PLEX	DD	Yes	Day 5	No
Sharma et al[15]	67	M	B	HTN, DM		AKI, NRP	1	2.2	3.2	-	HCQ/steroids	DD	Yes	Day 8-8/52	< 10
Sharma et al[15]	49	M	B	HTN		AKI	0.95	4.85	2.59	-	HCQ/steroids	DD	Yes	> Day 4	< 10
Nlandu et al[22]	48	M	B	HTN, DM		AKI, NS	0.72	15.9	18	-	Chloroquine, azithromycin, vitamin C	DI	Yes	Day 30	No
Deshmukh et al[23]	42	M	I	-		NS	-	1	8	'hypoalbuminaemia' noted	Ramipril	-	No	Day 24	Yes
Kadosh et al[24]	56	M	B	CKD		AKI, NRP	-	1.86 (peak 7.78)	1.97 (peak 7.35)	-	MMF and steroids stopped, azithromycin, nitozaxonide	DI	No	> Day 7	-
Coutourier et al[25]	53	M	B	HTN		AKI, NRP	1.02	1.89 (peak 2.20)	5.64 (peak 18.7)	1.3 (day 3)	Oseltamivir, HCQ, chloroquine, azithromycin	DI	No	Day 3-11	No
Couturier et al[25]	53	M	B	HTN, Hepatitis B		AKI, NRP	1.35	5.34 (peak 6.01)	1.5 (peak 2.65)	-	-	-	No	> Day 7	No
Larsen et al[26]	44	M	B	HTN, DM, CKD		AKI, NRP	1.4	4	3.9 (peak 25)	2.5	None	DD	Yes	Day 8	Yes
Malhotra et al[27]	64	M	B	HTN, DM, CKD, HIV on HAART		AKI, NRP	-	2.3	2.74	-	Solumedrol, zinc, Vitamin C, Oxitris Filter	DD	Yes	Day 11	Yes
Izzedine et al[28]	49	F	B	CKD, heart transplant, type 2 diabetes, HTN, obesity		AKI, NS	1.78	2.39	6.6	1.7	-	DI	Yes	Day 8	< 10
Izzedine et al[28]	38	F	B	CKD, SLE, HTN, obesity		AKI, NS	14.64	11.7	-	1.9	-	DI	No	-	< 10
Laboux et al[29]	47	M	B	HTN		AKI	0.8	30.3	1.2	2.5	Dialysis	DI	Yes	Day 30	-
Malik et al[30]	57	M	B	-		AKI, NS	-	2.0 then 3.4	14.9	3.4	Antibiotics, oseltamivir, oxygen	DD	Yes	-	-
FSGS with podocytopathy
Akilesh et al[17]	59	M	B	HTN, DM	AKI, NRP		-	11.9	> 12	-	Unknown	-	Unknown	Day 11	-

AKI: Acute kidney injury; B: Black; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; DD: Dialysis dependent at hospital discharge; DI: Dialysis independent at hospital discharge; F: Female; H: Hispanic; HAART: Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HTN: Hypertension; I: Indian; M: Male; MGUS: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; NRP: Nephrotic range proteinuria; NS: Nephrotic syndrome; PLEX: Plasma exchange; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus; TMA: Thrombotic microangiopathic anemia; FSGS: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.