Role of novel biomarkers in kidney transplantation

Table 10 Summary of biomarkers associated with post-transplant malignancy

Ref.	n	Sample	Biomarkers	Outcome	Study conclusion
Hope et al[83], 2015	82 (56 KTRs +malignancy, 26 KTRs - malignancy)	Plasma	LDH; IFN-γ; ELISpot	Post- transplant malignancy	Low NK cell function -> HR 2.1 (0.97-5.00) metastatic Ca, Ca-related death, septic death
Pontrelli et al[84], 2019	156: 93 KTRs, 34 controls + malignancy, 29 healthy subjects	Plasma	IL-27	Post-transplant malignancy	IL-27 plasma levels were able to discriminate patients with post-transplant neoplasia with a specificity of 80% and a sensitivity of 81%
Garnier et al[85], 2019	89	Plasma	CD4+CD45RC	Post-transplant malignancy	KTRs with a low CD4+CD45RChigh population (< 51.9%) carried a 3.7 fold risk of cancera (HR = 3.71 (95%CI: 1.24 to 11.1), CD4+CD45high population having a 20-fold higher risk of rejectionb (HR = 21.7 (95%CI: 2.67-176.2)

^aP < 0.05 vs kidney transplant recipients with a high CD4+CD45R population.

^bP < 0.001 vs Kidney transplant recipients with a low CD4+CD45R population. KTR: Kidney transplant recipient; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; IFN-γ: Interferon gamma; ELISpot: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay; NK: Natural killer; HR: Hazard ratio; Ca: Cancer; IL-27: Interleukin twenty seven; CD4+CD45RC: CD45RC – cluster of differentiation four + forty five isoform with alternative mRNA splicing of exon 6; CI: Confidence interval.