Extracellular vesicles as mediators of alloimmunity and their therapeutic potential in liver transplantation

Figure 3 Advanced imaging flow cytometry by ImageStream^x. Analysis by ImageStream^x (ISx) enables the accurate detection of particles of diameter as low as 20 nm, including small extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, the combination of microscopic imaging with fluorescence detection enables the morphometric and photometric assessment of whole cells. This is of particular utility in assessing major histocompatibility cross-dressing. Representative images acquired by ISx of three recipient cells [bearing recipient human lymphocyte antigen (HLA), red] cross-dressed with donor-HLA (yellow) following liver transplantation. The discrete foci of donor alloantigen point to the vesicular nature of transfer.