Machine perfusion in abdominal organ transplantation: Current use in the Netherlands

Table 5 Currently ongoing clinical trials concerning ex vivo machine perfusion in liver transplantation

Name of study		Design	PI	n	Primary outcome	Intervention	Included donors	Results
DHOPE DCD	NCT02584283	RCT	Groningen	156	% NAS	2 h end-ischemic DHOPE	DCD III	October 2019
HOPE	NCT01317342	RCT	Zürich	170	Postoperative complications	1-2 h HOPE	DBD	July 2019
HOPE ECD-DBD	NCT03124641	RCT	Aachen	46	Peak ALT	1-2 h HOPE	ECD-DBD	June 2019
DHOPE-COR-NMP	NTR5972	Non-randomized	Groningen	16	Graft survival	DHOPE, gradually rewarming, NMP	Discarded livers (DCD and DBD)	11 livers transplanted 100% patient/graft survival, 9.1% ischemic cholangiopathy[48]
PIO	NCT03031067	Case control	Bologna	20	Graft function	2 h HOPE	ECD livers	February 2018
VITTAL	NCT02740608	Non-randomized	Birmingham	22	Patient survival	4 h NMP	Discarded livers (DCD and DBD)	March 2020
Liver WP2	ISRCTN39731134	RCT	Oxford COPE	220	Peak AST	Minimally 4 h NMP	All deceased donors	49.4% ↓ peak AST[47]
CORNET	ISRCTN94691167	RCT	Essen	40	Peak AST	1,5 h COR until 20 degrees (dual perfusion)	ECD	February 2021
DHOPE	NTR4493	Case control	Groningen	10	Graft survival 6 mo	At least 2 h of DHOPE	DCD III	↑ graft survival (P = 0.052) ↓peak ALT (P = 0.006) ↓bilirubin (P = 0.044)[46]
Unknown	NCT03837197	RCT	Bologna	260	Early allograft dysfunction	Minimally 1 hour of HOPE	ECD-DBD	December 2021

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; COR: Controlled oxygenated rewarming; COPE: Consortium for Organ Preservation in Europe; DBD: Donation after brain death; DCD: Donation after circulatory death; DHOPE: Dual hypothermic oxygenated perfusion; DCD: Donation after circulatory death; ECD: Expanded criteria donor; HOPE: Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion; NAS: Non-anastomotic strictures; NMP: Normothermic machine perfusion; PI: Principal investigator; RCT: Randomized controlled trial