Vitamin D and bone fracture healing

Table 4 Rationale for hypothesizing vitamin D as beneficial in fracture healing

Plays an essential role in bone formation and maintenance[1,58]

Has positive benefits on muscle strength[5,58]

Is involved in calcium and bone metabolism[1,29,37,54,57,58,64]

Deficiency is associated with fractures[58]

Can modulate cell growth and neuromuscular function[57,65]

May influence the inflammation stage of bone healing positively, as well as the callus formation stage[31]

Can help regulate inflammation and bone marrow and intramuscular fat deposits[58]

Protects older people from osteoporosis[58]

Enhance fixation of implants[58]

Deficiency may be associated with refrature[33]

Deficiency is associated with non union[34,35,67,69]