Vitamin D and bone fracture healing

Table 2 Sample of studies using animal models to examine vitamin D influence on bone healing

Researchers	Model	Finding
Andreen et al[27]	Rat	Low doses 1,25(OH)2D3 increased early callus mineralization
Blahos et al[14]	Rat tibia	1,25(OH)2D3 may produce a general response
Brumbaugh et al[45]	Chick	Chicks without 1 α, 25 dihydroxy D3 supplementation showed prolonged fracture healing; 1 α, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes bone repair in the absence vitamin D3, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, and 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3
Dekel et al[30]	Chick	24,25(OH)2D3, as well as 1,25(OH)2D3 are essential for bone formation after fracture
Fu et al[19]	Rat	Vitamin D affected fracture healing positively for up to 12 wk compared to controls both biomechanically and histologically
Lindgren et al[49]	Adult rat	Rats given 1,25(OH)2D3 had stronger fracture callus
Lindgren et al[26]	Rabbit	1,25(OH)2D3 impairs fracture healing
Lidor et al[12]	Chick	Active metabolites of vitamin D3 are involved directly in fracture repair
Melhus et al[16]	Rat	Vitamin D deficiency does not impact fracture healing
Omeroğlu et al[15]	Rabbit	A single high dose of vitamin D3 had Positive mechanical effects on fractured bone
Seo et al[29]	Chicken	24,25(OH)D2 levels increased during fracture repair
Steier et al[23]	Rat	Vitamin D2 accelerated initial mineralization in the fracture healing region