Pneumococcal disease in adult solid organ transplantation recipients

Table 3 Pneumococcal vaccination studies in heart and liver transplantation in adult recipients

Ref.	n	Type and time since transplant	Vaccine	Technique	Response to immunization	Long term immune response
McCash- land et al[68]	25 LT vs 13 healthy controls	LT 1 - 6 mo	PPV23	ELISA	Pneumococcal antibody levels were significantly increased over baseline by 1 mo after vaccination in both groups	At 6th mo: antibody levels declined faster in patients than in control subjects
Amber et al[15]	6 HT before and after transplantation	HT 0.6 - 5.3 mo	Unva- ccinated	RIA	Protective antibody titers to 12 pneumococcal serotypes contained in PPV23 in a mean of 8.7 ± 1.2 serotypes before transplantation vs 6.5 ± 1.4 serotypes after transplantation (P < 0.05)	Not studied
Dengler et al[66]	16 HT vs 23 healthy controls	HT > 12 mo	PPV23	ELISA	Protective post-vaccine antibody titers (> 1000 U/mL): 94% in HT recipients vs 100% in controls	Not studied
Blumberg et al[67]	35 HT vs 35 healthy controls. Group 2 (n = 21), vaccinated before this study The HT patients were classified as: Group 1 (n = 11), no vaccinated before this study No data about previous vaccine (n = 2)	HT 55 - 122 mo	PPV23	ELISA	Post-vaccine antibody titers were higher in group 2 than in group 1 for all pneumococcal serotypes (P < 0.05 for all serotypes, except 3)	Detectable antibody titers at 24 mo (only 7 available patients) in 50% to serotypes 19F and 23F and in 80% to serotype 3

LT: Liver transplantation; HT: Heart transplantation; PPV23: 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay; RIA: Radioimmunoassay.