Role of chemokines and cytokines in the neuropathogenesis of African trypanosomiasis

Table 2 Cytokines and chemokines involved in Trypanosoma brucei spp. neuroinvasion

Cytokine/Chemokine	Trypanosome levels in the brain parenchyma of transgenic mice compared to WT mice	Ref.
Chemokines
CXCL10	CXCl10-/- and CXCR3-/- mice had less trypanosomes in the brain parenchyma compared with WT mice.	[5]
Cytokines
IFN-α/β	IFN-α/βR-/- mice had slightly less trypanosomes in the brain parenchyma compared with WT mice.	[15]
IFN-γ	IFN-γ-/- and IFN-γR-/- had less trypanosomes in the brain parenchyma compared with WT mice. Trypanosomes accumulated in the perivascular compartment, confined between the endothelial and the parenchymal basement membranes, in certain areas of the brains of both transgenic mice	[10]
IL-12	IL-12P40-/- mice had less trypanosomes in the brain parenchyma compared with WT mice.	[10]
TNF-α	TNFR1−/− mice had less trypanosomes in the brain parenchyma compared with WT mice.	[15]

CXCL: C-X-C motif chemokine; IFN: Interferon; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; WT: Wild type.