Current situation of Giardia infection in Spain: Implications for public health

Table 7 Detection of Giardia spp. in surface waters in Spain (1990 onwards)

Type water	Province/region	Period	No. samples	Positive samples (%)	Concentration (cysts/L)	Ref.
Rivers	Álava	2000-2002	52	92.3	65	[59]
	Galicia	2004	7	85.7	1-20	[53]
	Galicia	2007	116	67.2	2-722	[34]
	Galicia	2009	28	60.7	1-160	[60]
Reservoirs	Álava	2000-2002	36	55.5	0.6	[59]
DWTP influent	Álava	2000-2002	57	26.9-45.2	0.05-0.5	[59]
	Galicia	2007	64	100.0	1-13	[61]
	Galicia	2008-2009	12	25-58	1.3-1.4	[33]
	Galicia	2009	52	42.3	1-7	[60]
DWTP effluent1	Álava	2000-2002	57	0-19.2	0-0.01	[59]
	Galicia	2007	64	100.0	0.5-4	[61]
	Galicia	2008-2009	12	25-33	1-1.3	[33]
	Galicia	2009	52	36.5	1-5	[60]
Tap water2	Álava	2000-2002	82	26.8	0.02	[59]
WTP influent	Galicia	2007	48	100.0	89-8305	[62]
	Galicia	2004	11	90.9	29-1433	[53]
	Galicia	2008-2009	12	100.0	415-2752	[33]
	Galicia	2009	50	98.0	2-14 400	[60]
WTP effluent1	Galicia	2007	48	100.0	79-2469	[62]
	Galicia	2004	16	87.5	233-1131	[54]
	Galicia	2008-2009	12	100.0	138-560	[33]
	Galicia	2009	50	96.0	2-6000	[60]

DWTP: Drinking water treatment plant; WTP: Wastewater treatment plant.

¹Water treatment facilities with different physical, biological and/or chemical treatment processes in place;

²Tap water with chlorination treatment only.