Current situation of Giardia infection in Spain: Implications for public health

Table 6 Detection of Giardia spp. in faecal samples from wild and captive animals in Spain (1990 onwards)

Specie	Province/region	Period	No. samples	Technique(s)	Infection rate (%)	Ref.
Deers	Galicia	2008-2009	181	CC + IFA	6-142	[33]
Roe deers	Galicia	2008-2009	224	CC + IFA	5.3	[48]
Wild boars	Galicia	2008-2009	279	CC + IFA	3-5	[33]
Wild boars	Galicia	2008-2009	381	CC + IFA	1.3	[48]
Otters	Galicia	2004-2005	437	CC + IFA	6.8	[47]
Nonhuman primates1	Madrid and Valencia	NS	20	CC + CM + PCR	70.0	[49]

CC: Concentration techniques; CM: Conventional microscopy; IFA: Immunofluorescence microscopy; Nec.: Necropsy; NS: Not specified; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.

¹Captive animals from zoological gardens;

²Depending on geographical location.