Antibiotics for complicated urinary tract infection and acute pyelonephritis: A systematic review

Table 2 Adverse events associated with antibiotic therapy reported in the studies

Antibiotics	Ref.	Adverse events reported	Most common adverse effects	Frequency, n/total (%)
Ceftazidime-avibactam	Wagenlehneret al[8]	Headache, nausea, diarrhea, constipation	Headache	185/511 (36.2)
Doripenem	Wagenlehneret al[8]	Headache, nausea, diarrhea, constipation	Headache	158/509 (31.0)
Levofloxacin	Ren et al[9]	Reduction in leukocyte count, reduction in neutrophil count, increased ALT, increased AST, increased platelet count, increased blood pressure, gastrointestinal, reaction at injection site, cutaneous/subcutaneous, nervous system/mental, immune, infection, hepatobiliary, metabolic/nutritional, musculoskeletal/connective tissue	Reduction in leukocyte count and gastrointestinal	109/329 (33.1)
	Connolly et al[11]	Headache, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, dizziness	Headache	21/44 (47.7)
Meropenem-vaborbactam	Kaye et al[10]	Headache, diarrhea, nausea, asymptomatic bacteriuria, catheter site phlebitis, infusion site phlebitis, urinary tract infection, hypokalemia, vaginal infection, ALT increased, anemia, AST increased, pyrexia	Headache	106/272 (39.0)
Piperacillin-tazobactam	Kaye et al[10]	Headache, diarrhea, nausea, asymptomatic bacteriuria, catheter site phlebitis, infusion site phlebitis, urinary tract infection, hypokalemia, vaginal infection, ALT increased, anemia, AST increased, pyrexia, dyspnea	Headache	97/273 (35.5)
Plazomicin	Connolly et al[11]	Headache, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, dizziness	Headache	33/96 (34.4)
Tazobactam-ceftolozane	Arakawa et al[13]	Diarrhea, ALT increased, constipation, AST increased, insomnia, headache, pyelonephritis, pyelonephritis acute, contusion, viral upper respiratory tract infection	Diarrhea and ALT increased	20/114 (17.5)

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.