Antihypertensive effects of foods

Table 1 Antihypertensive effects of functional foods in animal experiments

Functional foods	Active ingredients	Animal experiments	Results	Ref.
Tea	Catechin Flavonoid	Taking the green tea polyphenol water containing 3.5 g/L catechins, 0.5 g/L flavonols and 1 g/L polymetric flavonoids to SHRSP	Decreases in SBP and DBP	[7]
GABA	GABA	Single oral administration of GABA (0.5 mg/kg) to SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats	Decrease in SBP in SHR rats, but not in normotensive rats	[16]
Stevia	Stevioside	Intraperitoneally administration of stevioside (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) to normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (NTR), SHR, DOCA-NaCl, DHR and RHR	Hypotensive effect was noted in different strains of rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg. The dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg caused slow and persistent lowering of blood pressure in SHR and NTR Blood pressure decreased in a dose-dependent manner in SHR	[22]
Black vinegar	Acetic acid Black vinegar-derived peptides	Single (3 g/kg body weight) and continuous administration (8 wk; 10% (w/w) of diet) of black malt vinegar to SHR	Decrease in SBP in the administration of either	[32]
Goma	Sesamin	Taking a sesamin-containing diets (0.1, 1 w/w% ) to DOCA-salt hypertensive rats for 5 wk	Decrease in SBP	[34]
Fish oil	EPA DHA	Daily oral administration of 30 to 300 mg/kg EPA to SHR and normotensive rats for eight weeks	Treatment of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg EPA decreased mean SBP in SHR	[40]
Garlic	S-allyl cysteine (SAC), Allicin	Daily oral administration of 50 mg of aqueous extract of garlic totwo-kidney-one-clip hypertensive rat for 4 wk	SBP and ACE activity in serum and different tissues such as aorta, heart, kidney and lung decreased	[46]
		5/6 nephrectomized rats were treated with SAC (200 mg/kg ip) or aged garlic extract (1.2 mL/kg ip) every other day for 30 d	SBP and renal failure decreased, SOD activity increased	[47]
Onion	Quercetin	Taking a 5% dried onion diet to L-NAME induced-hypertensive rats and SHRSP for 4 wk	SBP decreased from 1 wk in both rats, and TBARS decreased at 4 wk Urinary nitrite, NOS activity was increased in SHRSP rats	[58]
Pea	PPH	Oral administration of the PPH to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg	Decrease in SBP	[64]

A list of animal experiments. Hypotensive actions have been confirmed in multiple types of rat, mainly SHR. GABA: G-aminobutyric acid; PPH: Pea protein hydrolysate; DOCA-NaCl: Deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt; DHR: Sensitive hypertensive rats; RHR: Renal hypertensive rats.