Immunomodulatory effect of allium sativum in type 2 diabetes mellitus

doi:10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.103481

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Jun 20, 2025 (publication date) through Apr 19, 2025

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315x

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Exp Med. Jun 20, 2025; 15(2): 103481
Published online Jun 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.103481

Table 1 Main clinical effects of garlic in cardiometabolic disorders: Dyslipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and hypertension

Condition	Mechanisms and Effects
Dyslipidemia	↓ TC, TG, LDL
	↑ HDL
	Garlic forms: Raw, tablets, aged
	Effect varies with dose and duration
MASLD	↓ Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT)
	↓ Lipid peroxidation
	↑ Antioxidant activity
	Improves metabolic parameters
Hypertension	ACE inhibition
	↓ Systolic/diastolic blood pressure
	↑ NO levels
	Arterial remodeling
	Synergistic with drugs

TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; NO: Nitric oxide.

Citation: Mejía Delgado EM, Quiroz-Aldave JE, Durand-Vásquez MDC, Aldave-Pita LN, Fuentes-Mendoza JM, Concepción-Urteaga LA, Paz-Ibarra J, Concepción-Zavaleta MJ. Immunomodulatory effect of allium sativum in type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Exp Med 2025; 15(2): 103481
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v15/i2/103481.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.103481