Environmental mineral density and thyroid malignancy: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Table 5 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of thyroid nodules, based on histopathology, n (%)

Variables	N	Benign nodule	Malignant nodule	P value
Age (years)				0.003
≤ 20	35	31 (87.1)	4 (12.9)
21-60	412	333 (80.8)	79 (19.2)
> 60	82	47 (57.3)	35 (42.7)
Sex				0.061
Male	82	58 (70.7)	24 (29.3)
Female	444	352 (79.3)	92 (20.7)
Residential province				0.044
Kinshasa	468	364 (77.8)	104 (22.2)
Katanga	18	10 (55.6)	8 (44.4)
South Kivu	43	37 (86.0)	6 (14.0)
Marital status				0.26
Married	373	293 (78.6)	80 (21.4)
Single	115	85 (73.9)	30 (26.1)
Divorced/widowed	9	7 (77.8)	2 (22.2)
Parity				0.16
Nulliparous	65	46 (70.8)	19 (29.2)
Primiparous	40	32 (80.0)	8 (20.0)
Pauciparous	102	87 (85.3)	15 (14.7)
Multiparous	239	187 (78.2)	52 (21.8)
Gravida				0.311
Nulligravid	71	51 (71.8)	20 (28.2)
Primigravid	40	32 (80.0)	8 (20.0)
Multigravid	334	268 (80.2)	66 (19.8)
Family history of thyroid pathology				0.022
No	177	147 (83.1)	30 (16.9)
Yes	352	264 (75.0)	88 (25.0)
Body mass index				0.51
Normal	25	22 (88.0)	3 (12.0)
Overweight	195	150 (76.9)	45 (23.1)
Obesity	187	146 (78.1)	41 (21.9)
Lymphadenopathy				< 0.001
No	100.0	397 (82.2)	86 (17.8)
Yes	100.0	14 (30.4)	32 (69.6)