Environmental mineral density and thyroid malignancy: A multicenter cross-sectional study

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Jun 20, 2025 (publication date) through Apr 19, 2025

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315x

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Exp Med. Jun 20, 2025; 15(2): 103371
Published online Jun 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.103371

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the study participants according to the type of nodule, n (%)

Variables	All (n = 529)	Single (n = 74)	Multiple (n = 455)	P value
Parity				0.67
Nulliparous	65 (14.6)	10 (16.4)	55 (14.3)
Primiparous	40 (9.0)	5 (8.2)	35 (9.1)
Pauciparous	102 (22.9)	17 (27.9)	85 (22.1)
Multiparous	239 (53.6)	29 (47.5)	210 (54.5)
Gravida				0.51
Nulligravid	71 (16.0)	11 (18.0)	60 (15.6)
Primigravid	40 (9.0)	3 (4.9)	37 (9.6)
Multigravid	334 (75.1)	47 (77.0)	287 (74.7)
Abortion	83 (18.7)	15 (24.6)	68 (17.7)	0.14
Family history of thyroid pathology	352 (66.5)	51 (68.9)	301 (66.2)	0.37
First degree	205 (58.2)	30 (60.0)	175 (57.9)
Second degree	147 (41.8)	20 (40.0)	127 (42.1)
Anterior-cervical mass	503 (95.1)	71 (95.9)	391 (95.8)	0.1
Overweight	195 (36.9)	23 (31.1)	172 (37.8)	0.16
Obesity	187 (35.3)	28 (37.8)	159 (34.9)	0.36
Clinical lymphadenopathy	46 (8.7)	10 (13.5)	36 (7.9)	0.09
Systolic blood pressure	135.6 ± 58.6	131.4 ± 13.8	135.8 ± 65.5	0.79
Diastolic blood pressure	72.6 ± 8.9	73.9 ± 8.5	72.3 ± 9.2	0.48
Body mass index	29.8 ± 12.1	29.5 ± 3.1	29.9 ± 13.6	0.96
Heart rate	83.0 ± 11.0	82.0 ± 11.6	83.1 ± 10.6	0.56
Total volume	70.9 ± 31.5	68.5 ± 30.8	70.8 ± 32.2	0.6
Thyroid function				0.63
Euthyroid	464 (87.7)	63 (85.1)	401 (88.1)
Hyperthyroid	50 (9.5)	9 (12.2)	41 (9.0)
Hypothyroid	15 (2.8)	2 (2.7)	13 (2.9)

Citation: Bukasa-Kakamba J, Bangolo AI, Wadhwani S, Bayauli P, Wadhwani N, Nagesh VK, Mou MJ, Chahal PS, Mbunga B, Chindam S, Mushfiq T, Thapa A, Rao NL, Kalambayi IK, Rajesh RY, Sarioguz IB, Thoomkuntla VK, Arefin S, Kaur N, Mutombo MB, Singh S, Muto N, Vamsi S, Mallampalli P, Nkodila AN, Weissman S, M'Buyamba-Kabangu JR. Environmental mineral density and thyroid malignancy: A multicenter cross-sectional study. World J Exp Med 2025; 15(2): 103371
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v15/i2/103371.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.103371