Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α at the invasive tumor front in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Figure 1 Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha. A: Immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the normal oral mucosa (NOM); B: Invasive tumor front (ITF); C: Tumor islands (TI). HIF-1α expression was significantly different between the TI and ITF regions (P = 0.0134). Additionally, a significant difference was observed between TI and NOM (P = 0.0115). (Immunohistochemistry, 20 × magnification); D: DAPI-stained nuclei (blue); E: HIF-1α expression (green); F: Merged image showing HIF-1α localization in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of neoplastic cells (Immunofluorescence, 20 × magnification); G: HIF-1α expression was significantly different between the TI and ITF regions (^aP = 0.0134). Additionally, a significant difference was observed between TI and NOM (^bP = 0.0115).