Oncometabolites in pancreatic cancer: Strategies and its implications

Table 1 Overview of inhibitors of metabolism in pancreatic cancer

Agent	Target	Combined with	Ref.
CG-5	GLUT1	-	[1]
		Gemcitabine
2-DG	Glycolysis	-	[2]
		Gemcitabine
3-BP	Glycolysis	-	[3]
BNBZ	HK2	-	[4]
PGMI-004A	PGAM1	-	[4]
KH3	PGAM1	-	[4]
CPI-613	PDH	-	[5]
		Galloflavin
		Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
Rotenone	OXPHOS: Complex I	-	[6]
Metformin
Phenformin
IACS-010759
Atovaquone	OXPHOS: Bc1 complex	-	[7]
N-hydroxyindoles	LDHA	-	[8]
N-hydroxyindole-NHI-1		Gemcitabine	[8]
Galloflavinin	LDHA	Metformin	[9]
Gossypol		-	[10]
FX11		-	[1]
Avasimibe	ACAT1	-	[11]
Luteolin	FASN	-	[12]
C75		-	[11]
Palbociclib		-	[13]
Paclitaxel nano-formulation		-	[14]
Orlistat	FASN	-	[15]
		Gemcitabine	[1]
EGCG	FASN, GLUD1 & PGAM1	-	[1,4]
Lansoprazole	FASN	-	[11]
Pantoprazole
Rabeprazole
Omeprazole
DEAB	ALDH	-	[16]
		Gemcitabine
Disulfiram	ALDH		[16]
A939572	SCD	-	[17]
CAY10566	SCD	-	[18]
		Gemcitabine
SB-204990	ACLY	-	[11]
BAY ACC022		-
TOFA	Fatty acid synthesis	-	[19]
Silibinin	Lipid metabolism	-	[20,21]
Atorvastatin,	HMG-CoA reductase	-	[22]
Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin
Etomoxir	FAO	Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I inhibitor	[11]
Artesunate	Lipid metabolism		[11]
Zalcitabine
Avasimin	SOAT1		[11]
Opaganib	SK2		[23]
Vitamin D	Lipid metabolism		[24]
DON	Gln	-	[25]
Sirpiglenastat	Gln	-	[25]
		Trametinib
ss-lapachone	GLS	-	[1]
Thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives
BPTES	GLS	-	[26]
		ß-lapachone (ß-lap)	[27]
968	GLS	-	[26]
CB-839	GLS	-	[26]
		ß-lap	[27]
		BSO
BPTES encapsulated nanoparticles	GLS	-	[26]
		Metformin
GPNA	Gln transporter	-	[28]
ASNase	Asparagine	GCN2iA/B	[29]
		PD-325901
Indoximod	IDO	-	[30]
Carbidopa		-
Epacadostat	IDO	-	[27]
PEG-ADI	Arginine metabolism	-	[23]
		Radiotherapy	[27]
		Gemcitabine
		Gemcitabine + docetaxel
		Panobinostat
SM-88	Mucin-1 synthesis	-	[23]
AG-270	MAT2A	-	[23]
		Taxane-based chemotherapy

FASN: Fatty acid synthase; GLUT: Glucose transporter; OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation; PEG-ADI: Pegylated arginine deiminase; SCD: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase; IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.