Dapagliflozin as an oral antihyperglycemic agent in the management of diabetes mellitus in patients with liver cirrhosis

Table 1 Comparison of demographic data among the study groups

Parameter	Dapagliflozin group, n = 200	Insulin group, n = 100	Test of sig.
			t/χ²	P value
Age in years
mean ± SD	56.84 ± 7.48	56.96 ± 9.29	0.121	0.904
Range	42–76	33–80
Sex
Male	96 (48)	44 (44)	0.258	0.611
Female	104 (52)	56 (56)
Smoking
Yes	59 (29.5)	38 (38)	2.202	0.137
No	141 (70.5)	62 (62)
Contact with canal water
Yes	119 (59.5)	59 (59)	0.007	0.933
No	81 (40.5)	41 (41)
Comorbidities1
Cardiac ischemia	16 (8)	11 (11)	0.733	0.392
HTN	32 (16)	21 (21)	1.146	0.284
Dyslipidemia	16 (8)	11 (11)	0.733	0.392
None	160 (80)	73 (73)	1.883	0.170
Child classification
A	56 (28)	24 (24)	4.599	0.100
B	81 (40.5)	32 (32)
C	63 (31.5)	44 (44)
Causes of cirrhosis
Unknown	33 (16.5)	14 (14)	0.321	0.956
HBV	2 (1)	1 (1)
HCV	151 (75.5)	78 (78)
Bilharziasis	14 (7)	7 (7)
Treatment of HCV Infection
No	49 (24.5)	22 (22)	0.329	0.849
Interferon	5 (2.5)	2 (2)
DAAs	146 (73)	76 (76)
Diuretic dose change
No change	150 (75)	18 (18)	55.162	< 0.00011
Decreased dose	0 (0)	12 (12)
Stopped	0 (0)	8 (8)
Increased	50 (25)	41 (41)

¹Some patients have more than 1 comorbidity.

Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated. DAAs: Direct-acting antivirals; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HTN: Hypertension; SD: Standard deviation.