Anal carcinoma - exploring the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment

doi:10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.98525

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315x

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Exp Med. Sep 20, 2024; 14(3): 98525
Published online Sep 20, 2024. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.98525

Table 1 Immunohistochemistry markers for anal cancers

Tumor markers	Squamous cell carcinoma	Anal adenocarcinoma	Melanoma	Basal cell carcinoma	Neuroendocrine	Paget primary	Paget secondary
AE1/AE2	+	+	-	+	+	+	+
Ber-EP4	-	+	-	+	-	+	+
CAM5.2	+	+	-	Nonspecific	+	+	+
CDX-2	-	Mostly-	-	-	-	-	+
CEA	-	-	-	-	-	+	+
Chromogranin	-	-	-	-	+	-	-
CK5/6	+	-		+	-	-	-
CK7/20	-/-	+/Mostly-	-	-/-	-/-	+/-	Mostly-/+
GCDFP-15	-	-	-	-	-	+	-
HMB45	-	-	+	-	-	-	-
MELAN-A	-	-	+	-	-	-	-
Mucin	-	+	-	-	-	+	+
p63	+	-	-	+	-	-	-
S100	-	-	+	-	-	-	-
Synaptophysin	-	-	-	-	+	-	-
Vimentin	-	-	+	-	-	-	-

AE1: Anti-pan cytokeratin AE1; Ber-EP4: Anti-epithelial cell adhesion antibody; CAM5.2: Anticytokeratin CAM5.2; CDX-2: Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CK5/6: Cytokeratin 5/6; GCDFP-15: Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15; MELAN-A: Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells.

Citation: English KJ. Anal carcinoma - exploring the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. World J Exp Med 2024; 14(3): 98525
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v14/i3/98525.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.98525