Experimental models of high-risk bowel anastomosis in rats: A systematic review

Table 5 Peritonitis models of high-risk anastomosis

Ref.	Year	Peritonitis method	Sample size	Intervention	Test	Sampling day
Vaneerdeweg et al[66]	2000	Gelatin capsule with faeces and barium sulphate	40	Gentamicin Sponges	BPR in situ, mortality, weight loss	4
Reijnen et al[67]	2002	Caecal ligation/perforation	198	Hyaluronan-based agents	tPA activity	1/3/7
Aydin et al[68]	2006	Caecal ligation/perforation	24	Laparostomy with Bogota bag	BPR in situ, HP, adhesions (as per Zühlke et al[37])	5
Li et al[69]	2006	Enterotomy	360	Fibrin glue and growth hormone	BPR in situ, HP, tensile strength, histology	1/3/5
Buyne et al[70]	2009	Faecal inoculation	148	Recombinant tPA	BPR in situ, tensile strength, macroscopic, HP	3/7
Kayaoglu et al[71]	2009	Caecal ligation/perforation	80	N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate	BPR ex situ, macroscopic (as per Knightly et al[39]), histology	3/7
Pantelis et al[72]	2010	Caecal ligation/perforation or incomplete anastomosis	206	Collagen matrix coagulation factors I and IIa (Tachosil)	BPR ex situ, histology (as per Biert et al[73], Verhofstad et al[74], Attard et al[75]), collagen type I-II, HP	2/5/14
Rocha et al[76]	2010	Caecal ligation/perforation or incomplete anastomosis	45	Hyperbaric oxygen therapy	Total energy rupture test (tensile strength)	4
Silva et al[77]	2012	Caecal ligation/perforation or incomplete anastomosis	40	Bromopride	Macroscopic (Nair et al[78]), tensile strength (Versa test), histology, quantitative collagen analysis, HP	3/7
Holmer et al[79]	2014	Faecal inoculation	72	Collagen fleece coating	BPR in situ, histology, collagen I, III, VEGF, MMP-13	1/3/7
Camargo et al[80]	2013	Faecal inoculation	40	Peritoneal lavage with bupivacaine	Tensile strength, survival	5
Arikanoglu et al[81]	2013	Colon injury	21	Antibacterial suture	BPR in situ, HP, histology	10
Donmez et al[82]	2013	Colon injury	40	Glutamine and GH	BPR ex situ, HP	5
Senol et al[83]	2013	E. Coli inoculation	40	Fibrin glue	BPR ex situ, histology (as per Ehrlich-Hunt[25]), HP	10
Silva et al[84]	2014	Caecal ligation/perforation	80	Bromopride	MMP-1a, MMP-8, MMP-13, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, IFN-g	3/7
Erginel et al[85]	2014	Caecal ligation/perforation	40	IP O3	BPR ex situ, histology (as per Verhofstadt et al[74] and Philips et al[33]), HP	7
Pommergaard et al[86]	2014	Incomplete anastomosis	80	Tachosil coating	Tensile strength, clinical assessment	7
Ercan et al[87]	2015	Caecal ligation/perforation	40	IP L-Carnitine	BPR ex situ, histology (as per Ehrlich- Hunt[25]), HP	5
Cakir et al[88]	2015	Incomplete anastomosis	64	Sildenafil	BPR ex situ, histology (as per Phillips et al[33]), HP, MDA, GSH	3/7
Suárez-Grau et al[89]	2016	Incomplete anastomosis	56	Fibrinogen - thrombin collagen patch	Histology (as per Biert scheme[73]), macroscopic (adhesions), survival	15/30
Sozutek et al[90]	2016	Caecal ligation/perforation	50	PRP	BPR in situ, Body WT, HP, histology (as per Verhofstadt et al[74])	7
Ersoy et al[91]	2016	Caecal ligation/perforation	60	Melatonin	BPR ex situ, HP, histology, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, CRP	7
Çakır et al[92]	2016	Caecal ligation/perforation	18	IP O3	BPR ex situ, TNF-a, IL-1β, MDA, MPO, histology	22
Sukho et al[93]	2018	Incomplete anastomosis	60	AdMSC	BPR in situ, macroscopic (as per Verco et al[94] and Zühlke et al[37]), histology	3/7
Lorenzi et al[95]	2017	Caecal ligation/perforation	40	Omiganan	BPR in situ, histology (as per García et al[30]), HP	7
Yıldırım et al[96]	2021	Caecal puncture	21	Growth factor collagen (FGF-C), abx collagen (AB-C)	BPR ex situ, HP, macroscopic (as per Bosmans et al[50]), histology (as per Ehrlich et al[25])	7
Nakamura et al[97]	2021	Incomplete anastomosis	60	HSMM	BPR ex situ, macroscopic (as per Ham et al[32]), histology	3/5/7/14/28
Aksu et al[98]	2021	Colon injury	21	Chlorhexidine gluconate and metronidazole-soaked sponges	BPR in situ, hydroxyproline, histology	10
Yilmaz et al[99]	2021	Caecal ligation/perforation	32	Polyurethane membrane	BPR ex situ, HP, NOx, IL-6, TNF-a, tPA, macroscopic (as per Mazuji et al[100]), histology	5

BPR: Bursting pressure; WT: Weight; tPA: Tissue plasminogen activator; HP: Hydroxyproline; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; MMP: Metalloproteases; IL: Interleukin; MDA: MDA: Malondialdehyde; GH: Growth hormone; TNF-a: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IFN-g: Interferon-gamma; IP: Intra-peritoneal; GSH: Glutathione; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; AdMSC: Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells; HSMM: Human skeletal muscle myoblast; NOx: Nitric oxide.