Experimental models of high-risk bowel anastomosis in rats: A systematic review

Table 2 Colitis models of high-risk anastomosis

Ref.	Year	Colitis method	Sample size	Intervention	Test	Sampling day
Kirkil et al[41]	2008	Intra-jejunal injection of iodoacetamide	28	Endothelin receptor blockade by bosentan	BPR in situ, macroscopic (Mannheim index[42]), HP, histology (as per Mei et al[43])	4
Rijcken et al[44]	2010	7 d DSS 5%	Not mentioned	rhIGF-1	BPR in situ, microscopic (as per Phillips et al[33], Ki-67), HP, MPO	1/3/7
Myrelid et al[45]	2015	5 d DSS 3%	140	IP prednisolone, AZA, infliximab	BPR ex situ, bowel WT/length, histology, zymography	3
Alvarenga et al[46]	2019	2,4,6-TNBS	66	AdMSC 2 × 106	Histology, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-g, TGF-b, TNF-a, MMP-2, MMP-9	7
Reischl et al[47]	2021	ANXA-1 k/o mice and 7 d DSS 2%-3%-5%	Not mentioned	Ac2-26-nanoparticles	Fluorescence imaging of MMPs, histology (as per Phillips et al[33]), whole transcriptome RNA sequencing and analysis	3/7
Weber et al[48]	2023	7 d DSS 2%	84	Prednisolone	BPR in situ, macroscopic (adhesions scoring), histology (as per Philips et al[33])	3/7
Ntampakis et al[49]	2023	7 d DSS 5%	24	AdMSC 5 × 106	BPR ex situ, macroscopic (as per Bosmans et al[50]), HP, IL-6, TNF-a, VEGF	7

DSS: Dextran sodium sulphate; TNBS: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; rhIGF-1: Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1; IP: Intra-peritoneal; AZA: Azathioprine; AdMSC: Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells; BPR: Bursting pressure; HP: Hydroxyproline; IL: Interleukin; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TNF-a: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; INF-g: Interferon-gamma; TGF-b: Tumor Growth Factor–beta; MMP: Metalloproteases.