Potential and application of abortive transcripts as a novel molecular marker of cancers

Table 2 Glycochain antigen tumor biomarkers

Biomarker	Alteration	Related tumor	Detection method	Advantage	Disadvantage	Ref.
CA125	Up-regulation	Ovarian cancer	Blood	High sensitivity of diagnosis	Poor specificity, nearly half of early cases are not elevated	[58]
CA15-3	Up-regulation	Lung cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, etc.	Blood	The most important specific marker for breast cancer	Low sensitivity in the early stages of breast cancer	[59]
CA19-9	Up-regulation	Pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer	Blood	The sensitivity and specificity can reach more than 90%	The elevation of CA19-9 is susceptible to many benign diseases	[60-61]
CA50	Up-regulation	Pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, liver cirrhosis, lung cancer	Blood	Double identify Lewis antigen negative and positive tumors, a broader broad-spectrum tumor marker than CA19-9	Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract may cause mild or transient elevation of CA50	[62]

CA125: Glycochain antigen 125; CA15-3: Glycochain antigen 15-3; CA19-9: Glycochain antigen 19-9; CA50: Glycochain antigen 50.