Effects of unilateral superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation on porcine hemodynamics and gas exchange during one-lung flooding

Figure 1 Illustration of superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation with typical pressure curves of continuous high-frequency jet ventilation and two cycles of simultaneous low-frequency jet ventilation. The low-frequency jet ventilation provides the upper pressure level, and the high-frequency jet ventilation generates the lower pressure level (i.e., the positive end-expiratory pressure). PEEP: Positive end-expiratory pressure; HFJV: High-frequency jet ventilation; LFJV: Low-frequency jet ventilation.