Understanding wound healing in obesity

Table 1 Cytokines produced by adipose tissue that may contribute to low-grade inflammation

TNF-α	Secreted by macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes[13]. Crucial in formation and maintenance of granulomas[30]
IL-1	Produced by various cell types including macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells[13]. Stimulates fibroblast and keratinocyte growth and collagen synthesis by fibroblasts
IL-6	Secreted by various cell types including macrophages and adipocytes[13]. An important mediator of the acute phase response and regulator of glucose homeostasis in obesity
IL-8	Produced by various cell types including macrophages, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells[13]. Primarily recruits neutrophils and other granulocytes to sites of tissue injury
MCP-1	Also known as CCL2. Primarily secreted by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells[13]. Attracts monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or inflammation

TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL: Interleukin; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.