National preparedness survey of pediatric intensive care units with simulation centers during the coronavirus pandemic

Table 5 Preparedness efforts by pediatric intensive care units

COVID-19 training modalities	n (%)
Modalities currently utilized for training staff?
Video/teleconference	17 (7.27)
Didactic	12 (54.55)
Online modules	10 (45.45)
Simulation-based training	18 (81.82)
Virtual reality	1 (4.55)
Other
Importance of simulation-based training for the preparation of PICU staff for COVID-19 patient management
Extremely important	9 (40.91)
Important	7 (31.82)
Neutral	1 (4.55)
Unimportant
Not at all important
Objectives of the simulation-based training
PPE, donning and doffing	12 (54.55)
Individual procedural skills, i.e. intubation	13 (59.09)
Team training, i.e. CPR	16 (72.73)
Team dynamics, i.e. communication	17 (77.27)
Mass casualty and surge capacity management	1 (4.55)
Diagnostic testing	1 (4.55)
Facility utilization and contingency planning, use of negative pressure rooms	2 (9.09)
Tent deployment	1 (4.55)
Other
Location of the training
Simulation center	3 (13.64)
In situ, in its original place or location	17 (77.27)
Classroom setting
Other format, boot camp	1 (4.55)
Simulation equipment
High-fidelity, full body mannequin, simulator	13 (59.09)
Low-fidelity, full body mannequin, simulator	7 (31.82)
Task trainers, intubation heads, central line trainers, etc.	7 (31.81)
Standardized patients, actors	1 (4.55)
Virtual Reality	3 (13.64)
Other
Participating members
Physicians	17 (77.27)
Nurses	17 (77.27)
Respiratory therapists	15 (68.18)
Technicians	5 (22.73)
Residents/fellows	15 (68.18)
Students
Other staff
What simulation training was the MOST helpful
PPE, donning and doffing	6 (27.27)
Individual procedural skills, i.e. intubation	8 (36.36)
Team training, i.e. CPR	12 (54.55)
Team dynamics, i.e. communication	10 (45.45)
Other	1 (4.55)
What simulation training was the LEAST helpful
PPE, donning and doffing	3 (13.64)
Individual procedural skills, i.e. intubation	2 (9.09)
Team training, i.e. CPR	2 (9.09)
Team dynamics, i.e. communication	2 (9.09)
Other	8 (36.36)
Facilitators of the simulation-based training
Presence of a simulation center	7 (31.82)
Presence of a simulation team in your department/hospital	15 (68.18)
Buy-in/support from hospital administration team	8 (36.36)
Involvement in other simulation collaborative and simulation leadership	7 (31.82)
Other	8 (36.36)
Challenges to execute simulation-based training
Buy-in/support from hospital administration team	1 (4.55)
Financial resources	7 (31.82)
Securing adequate supplies, PPE	7 (31.82)
Staff buy-in and participation	4 (18.18)
Lack of a trained simulation team
Lack of simulation logistics/supplies	4 (18.18)
Lack of time for preparation	5 (22.73)
Lack of desire for this form of training	1 (4.55)
Other	7 (31.82)
Development of novel or unique training equipment or training aides
Yes, i.e. intubating fume hood, please share	7 (31.82)
No	10 (45.45)

COVID: Coronavirus disease; CPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit; PPE: Personal protective equipment.