Predictive value of cytokines for developing complications after polytrauma

Table 5 Value of cytokine concentrations for predicting multi-organ failure

Ref.	Year	Design	No pts.	MOFn (%)	Diagnostic tests	PredictsMOF	Results
IL-6
Bogner et al[36]	2009	P-coh	58	43 (74%)		Y	[IL-6] is significantly higher in MOF at 0 - 24 + 72 h
Frank et al[11]	2002	P-cc	77		r = 0.25 on day 2	N	[IL-6] is significantly higher in MOF; no reliable predictor due to low r
Jastrow et al[32]	2009	P-coh	48	11 (23%)	AUC ROC 0.816; (IL-6) > 0.861 pg/mL: sensitivity 57%, PPV 100%	Y	[IL-6] > 0.861 pg/mL is highly predictive for MOF
Lausevic et al[33]	2008	P-coh	65	36 (55%)		Y	[IL-6] is significantly higher in MOF on all days of hospitalization
Lendemans et al[13]	2004	P-coh	16	9 (56%)		Y	[IL-6] is significantly higher in MOF after two weeks
Law et al[42]	1994	P-coh	13	6 (46%)		N	[IL-6] is elevated in MOF, does not predict MOF
Maier et al[27]	2007	P-coh	251	85 (34%)	AUC ROC 0.70 for late-onset MOF	Y	[IL-6] is predictive for (late) MOF
Partrick et al[56]	1996	P-cc	27	9 (33%)		Y	[IL-6] is significantly higher in MOF at 12 + 36 h
Svoboda et al[62]	1994	P-cc	42	14 (33%)		N	[IL-6] is higher in MOF at day 1, does not predict MOF
IL-8
Bogner et al[36]	2009	P-coh	58	43 (74%)		Y	[IL-8] is significantly higher in MOF from 0-72 h
Frank et al[11]	2002	P-cc	77		r = 0.32 on day 2	N	[IL-8] is significantly higher in MOF; not reliable due to low r
Jastrow et al[32]	2009	P-coh	48	11 (23%)		Y	[IL-8] is significantly higher in MOF from 0-24 h
Law et al[42]	1994	P-coh	13	6 (46%)		N	[IL-8] is elevated in MOF, does not predict MOF
Maier et al[27]	2007	P-coh	251	85 (34%)	AUC ROC 0.69 for late-onset MOF	Y	[IL-8] is predictive for (late) MOF
Partrick et al[56]	1996	P-cc	27	9 (33%)		Y	[IL-8] is significantly higher in MOF at 12 + 36 + 84 h
IL-10
Bogner et al[36]	2009	P-coh	58	43 (74%)		Y	[IL-10] is significantly higher in MOF in early post-injury phase (< 12 h)
Jastrow et al[32]	2009	P-coh	48	11 (23%)	AUC ROC 0.776; (IL-10) > 38.6 pg/mL: Sensitivity 71%, PPV 77%	Y	[IL-10] > 38.6 pg/mL is predictive for MOF
Lausevic et al[33]	2008	P-coh	65	36 (55%)		Y	[IL-10] is significantly higher in MOF in very early post injury phase
Lendemans et al[13]	2004	P-coh	16	9 (56%)		Y	[IL-10] is significantly higher in MOF on days 3 + 4
Maier et al[27]	2007	P-coh	251	85 (34%)	AUC ROC 0.60 for late-onset MOF	N	[IL-10) is not predictive for MOF
Menges et al[50]	1999	P-coh	68	17 (25%)		Y	[IL-10] is significantly higher in sepsis and MOF after 6 d
TNF-α
Jastrow et al[32]	2009	P-coh	48	11 (23%)		Y	[TNF-α] is significantly higher in MOF from 2 – 6 + 10 – 24 h
Lendemans et al[13]	2004	P-coh	16	9 (56%)		Y	[TNF-α] is significantly higher in MOF on days 7 + 8 + 10 + 11
Menges et al[50]	1999	P-coh	68	17 (25%)		Y	[TNF-α] is significantly higher in sepsis and MOF after 8 d
Svoboda et al[62]	1993	P-cc	42	14 (33%)		Y	[TNF-α] is higher in MOF, but only after onset of symptoms
IL-1(β)
Menges et al[50]	1999	P-coh	68	17 (25%)		Y	[IL-1] is significantly higher in sepsis and MOF on days 3 + 5 + 6 + 9 - 13
Svoboda et al[62]	1994	P-xx	42	14 (33%)		N	[IL-1β] is not related to MOF
IL-2
Svoboda et al[62]	1994	P-cc	42	14 (33%)		N	[IL-2] is not related to MOF
IP-10
Jastrow et al[32]	2009	P-coh	48	11 (23%)	> 889.9 pg/mL has a sensitivity of 71% and PPV of 100%	Y	[IP-10] is highly predictive for MOF (AUC ROC 0.939)
Eotaxin
Jastrow et al[32]	2009	P-coh	48	11 (23%)	> 193.8 pg/mL has a sensitivity of 71% and PPV of 62%	Y	[Eotaxin] is highly predictive for MOF (AUC ROC 0.810)
MIP-1β
Jastrow et al[32]	2009	P-coh	48	11 (23%)	> 248.6 pg/mL has a sensitivity of 71% and PPV of 77%	Y	[MIP-1β] is highly predictive for MOF (AUC ROC 0.871)
IL-11
Schinkel et al[61]	2005	P-cc	216	9 (4%)		N	[IL-11[ is not significantly different in MOF

P-coh: Prospective cohort study; P-cc: Prospective case-control study; R-cc: Retrospective case-control study; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IFN: Interferon; ROC: Receiver operating characteristic; AUC: Area under curve; r: Correlation coefficient between cytokine and development of MOF; PPV: Positive predictive value; MOF: Multi-organ failure; Pts: Patients; Y: Yes; N: No.