Predictive value of cytokines for developing complications after polytrauma

Table 4 Value of cytokine concentrations for predicting muli-organ dysfunction syndrome

Study	Year	Design	No pts.	MODSn (%)	Diagnostic tests	Predicts MODS	Results
IL-6
Cuschieri et al[34]	2010	P-coh	152	29 (37%)	> 350 pg/mL: Sensitivity 79%, specificity 76%; OR = 3.87 (95%CI: 1.13-11.19)	Y	[IL-6] > 350 pg/mL is highly associated with MODS
Frink et al[3]	2009	P-coh	143	24 (17%)	r = 0.35; > 761.7 pg/μL: Sensitivity 16.7%, specificity 98.3%	Y	[IL-6] > 76.6 pg/μL is associated with MODS with accuracy of 84.7%
Haasper et al[28]	2010	P-coh	94	21 (22%)		Y	[IL-6] is significantly higher in MODS on days 1 + 7
Oberholzer et al[46]	2000	P-coh	1276	516 (40%)		Y	[IL-6] is significantly higher in (severe) MODS
Sousa et al[51]	2015	P-coh	99	34 (34%)	> 294 pg/mL: AUC ROC 0.769 (95%CI: 0.414-0.736)	Y	[IL-6] > 294 pg/mL is associated with MODS at 48 + 72 h post injury
IL-8
Frink et al[3]	2009	P-coh	143	24 (17%)	r = 0.53; sensitivity 0%	N	[IL-8] is significantly higher in MODS; does not predict development of MODS
IL-10
Frink et al[3]	2009	P-coh	143	24 (17%)	r = 0.31; sensitivity 0%	N	[IL-10] is significantly higher in MODS; does not predict development of MODS
Neidhardt et al[54]	1997	P-cc	417	92 (22%)		Y	[IL-10] is significantly higher in MODS on days 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 10 + 14 + 21 post injury
Spielmann et al[57]	2001	P-cc	47	24 (51%)		N	[IL-10] is not related to the development of MODS
Sousa et al[51]	2015	P-coh	99	34 (34%)	> 4.93 pg/mL: AUC ROC 0.700 (95%CI: 0.506-0.841)	Y	[IL-10] > 4.93 pg/mL is associated with MODS at 24 + 72 h post injury
TNF-α
Frink et al[3]	2009	P-coh	143	24 (17%)	r = 0.32; sensitivity 0%	N	[TNF-α] is significantly higher in MODS; does not predict development of MODS
Hayakawa et al[31]	2010	P-coh	45	24 (53%)		Y	[TNF-α] is significantly higher in MODS on days 3 + 5
Sousa et al[51]	2015	P-coh	99	34 (34%)		Y	[TNF-α] is associated with MODS at 48 h post injury
Spielmann et al[57]	2001	P-cc	47	24 (51%)		N	[TNF-α) is not associated with MODS
IL-1β
Frink et al[3]	2009	P-coh	143	24 (17%)	r = 0.00; sensitivity 0%	N	[IL-1β] is not related to development of MODS
IL-12
Wick et al[49]	2000	P-coh	37	4 (11%)		Y	[IL-12] is significantly lower in patients with MODS
IL-18
Mommsen et al[30]	2009	P-coh	55	7 (13%)		Y	[IL-18] is significantly higher in MODS on days 2 + 3 + 6 + 7 + 9 + 10 + 13 + 14
MIF
Hayakawa et al[31]	2010	P-coh	45	24 (53%)		Y	[MIF] is significantly higher in MODS

P-coh: Prospective cohort study; P-cc: Prospective case-control study; R-cc: Retrospective case-control study; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IFN: Interferon; ROC: Receiver operating characteristic; AUC: Area under curve; r: Correlation coefficient between cytokine and development of MODS; MODS: Muli-organ dysfunction syndrome; Pts: Patients; Y: Yes; N: No.