Predictive value of cytokines for developing complications after polytrauma

Table 1 Overview of included studies, the studied cytokines and the outcome parameters (acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, muli-organ dysfunction syndrome, multi-organ failure, mortality)

No.	Ref.	Year	Design	No pts. (control)	Cytokines	ARDS (%)	Sepsis (%)	MODS (%)	MOF (%)	Mortality (%)
1	Billeter et al[35]	2009	P-coh	1032	IL-6					10%
2	Bogner et al[36]	2009	P-coh	58	IL-6, -8, -10				74%	19%
3	Cook et al[58]	2013	P-cc	83 (18)	G-CSF		7%			7%
4	Cuschieri et al[34]	2010	P-coh	152	IL-6			37%		5%
5	Donnelly et al[37]	1994	P-coh	15	IL-6, -8, -1β; TNF-	49%				33%
6	Dresing et al[26]	2004	P-coh	30	IL-6; TNF-			13%		19%
7	Egger et al[38]	2004	P-coh	26	IL-6, -8		35%
8	Flores et al[39]	2001	P-coh	43	IL-6		49%			16%
9	Frangen et al[59]	2008	P-cc	71 (25)	IL-17, -6					22%
10	Frank et al[11]	2002	P-cc	77 (15)	IL-6, -8					9%
11	Frink et al[3]	2009	P-coh	143	IL-1β, -6, -8, -10; TNF-		29%	17%		15%
12	Gebhard et al[40]	2000	P-coh	94	IL-6					19%
13	Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al[55]	2008	P-cc	69 (10)	IL-6, -8; TNF-, IFN-γ		62%			35%
14	Gouel-Chéron et al[53]	2012	P-cc	100 (18)	IL-6, -10		37%			5%
15	Haasper et al[28]	2010	P-coh	94	IL-6		16%	22%		13%
16	Hayakawa et al[31]	2011	P-coh	45	TNF-			53%		25%
17	Heizmann et al[52]	2008	R-cc	195 (10)	IL-2, -4, -10, -11, -12, -18; IFN-γ					19%
18	Jastrow et al[32]	2009	P-coh	48	IL-6, -8, -10, -1β, -2, -4, -12; TNF-				23%	17%
19	Keel et al[41]	2009	P-coh	83	IL-6		40%			12%
20	Lausevic et al[33]	2008	P-coh	65	IL-6, -10		62%		55%	51%
21	Lausevic et al[29]	2010	P-coh	65	IL-6, -10		63%			51%
22	Law et al[42]	1994	P-coh	13	IL-6, -8; TNF-				46%	23%
23	Lendemans et al[13]	2004	P-coh	16	IL-6, -10; TNF-				56%
24	Liener et al[43]	2002	P-coh	94	IL-8	0%	0%		0%	19%
25	Livingston et al[44]	1988	P-coh	20	IFN-γ		30%			15%
26	Maier et al[27]	2007	P-coh	251	IL-6, -8, -10				34%	12%
27	Meade et al[45]	1994	P-coh	25	IL-6, -8; TNF-	36%
28	Menges et al[50]	1999	P-coh	68	IL-10, -1; TNF-		25%		25%	1%
29	Mommsen et al[30]	2009	P-coh	55	IL-18		42%	13%		13%
30	Neidhardt et al[54]	1997	P-cc	417 (137)	IL-10	5%	11%	22%		22%
31	Oberholzer et al[46]	2000	P-coh	1276	IL-6, IL-10		14%	40%		7%
32	Partrick et al[56]	1996	P-cc	27 (6)	IL-6, -8				33%	7%
33	Paunel-Görgülü et al[47]	2011	P-coh	47 (17)	IL-6		38%			11%
34	Raymondos et al[48]	2012	P-coh	24	IL-6, -8, -1β, TNF-	29%				4%
35	Roetman et al[60]	2008	P-cc	229 (110)	IL-18, -4; IFN-γ					16%
36	Schinkel et al[61]	2005	P-cc	216 (110)	IL-11				4%	16%
37	Sherry et al[14]	1996	R-cc	66 (10)	IL-10	8%	39%			2%
38	Sousa et al[51]	2015	P-coh	99	IL-6, -10; TNF-	19%		34%		28%
38	Spielmann et al[57]	2001	P-cc	47 (15)	TNF-	11%	30%	51%		23%
39	Svoboda et al[62]	1994	P-cc	42 (12)	IL-1β, -2, -6; TNF-				33%	26%
40	Wick et al[49]	2000	P-coh	37	IL-12			11%		16%
41	Yagmur et al[63]	2005	P-cc	99 (10)	IL-1, -2, -6, -8; TNF-					17%

P-coh: Prospective cohort study; P-cc: Prospective case-control study; R-cc: Retrospective case-control study; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IFN: Interferon; Pts: Patients; Y: Yes; N: No.