Characteristics and outcomes of trauma patients with unplanned intensive care unit admissions: Bounce backs and upgrades comparison

Table 3 Characteristics comparison of upgrades and bounce backs propensity score matched by injury severity score, n (%)

Variable	Upgrades (n = 61)	Bounce backs (n = 61)	P value
Age (years) (mean)	74.8	68.7	0.04a
Geriatric	47 (77.0)	39 (63.9)	0.1
Sex (male/female)	41 (67.2)/20 (32.8)	45 (73.8)/16 (26.2)	0.4
Comorbidities	57 (93.4)	55 (90.2)	0.5
Mechanism of injury	-	-	0.9
Fall	41 (67.2)	40 (65.6)	-
Motor vehicle	19 (31.1)	20 (32.8)	-
Other (assault, accident, and burn)	1 (1.6)	1 (1.6)	-
Glasgow Coma Scale (mean)	14.7	12.8	< 0.001a
ISS (mean)	13.9	13.8	0.5
ISS ≥ 16	27 (44.3)	27 (44.3)	1.0
Main injury	-	-	0.2
Head-traumatic brain injury	23 (37.7)	29 (47.5)	-
Thorax	12 (19.7)	19 (31.1)	-
Spine	7 (11.5)	3 (4.9)	-
Hip/pelvis	9 (14.8)	4 (6.6)	-
Abdominal	3 (4.9)	4 (6.6)	-
Extremities	2 (3.3)	0 (0.0)	-
Facial	3 (4.9)	0 (0.0)	-
Cardiac	1 (1.6)	1 (1.6)	-
Pulmonary contusion	3 (4.9)	7 (11.5)	0.2
Pneumothorax	2 (3.3)	9 (14.8)	0.03a
Hemothorax	6 (9.8)	14 (23.0)	0.1
Pneumohemothorax	2 (3.3)	7 (11.5)	0.1
Any blood transfusion	26 (42.6)	38 (62.3)	0.03a
Any surgical procedure	28 (45.9)	30 (49.2)	0.7
Number of consultations (mean)	3.1	4.6	< 0.001a
Mechanical ventilation requirement	25 (41.0)	38 (62.3)	0.02a
Endotracheal intubation	25 (41.0)	38 (62.3)	0.02a
Tracheostomy	5 (8.2)	6 (9.8)	0.8
ICU length of stay (days) (mean)	6.1	11.3	< 0.001a
Hospital length of stay (days) (mean)	12.5	21.7	< 0.001a
Mortality	16 (26.2)	22 (36.1)	0.2
Time: Floor-ICU admission (days) (mean)	2.0	4.4	0.003a

^aDenotes a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

ICU: Intensive care unit; ISS: Injury severity score.