Venous excess ultrasound: A mini-review and practical guide for its application in critically ill patients

Figure 2 Measures for locating the inferior vena cava using a curvilinear probe. A: Firstly, place the curvilinear probe near the umbilicus, then slide it cephalad, with the indicator pointing towards the patient's head; B: Once probe reaching subxiphoid area, you should be able to visualize the liver; C: Tilt the probe slightly towards the patient’s right, and the inferior vena cava (IVC) will be seen; D: Locate the anatomical landmarks of the inferior cavoatrial junction and the hepatic vein draining into the IVC to confirm the identification of the IVC; E: To check that the IVC is identified correctly, tilt the probe slightly to the patient’s left, and an aorta with a thicker and more hyperechoic wall will be seen.