Driving pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome for developing a protective lung strategy: A systematic review

Table 1 Berlin criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome

Features	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Timing	Acute onset within one week of a known respiratory clinical insult or new/worsening respiratory symptoms
Hypoxemia	200 < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 with PEEP or CPAP ≥ 5 cmH2O	100 < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 with PEEP ≥ 5 cmH2O	PaO2/FiO2 < 100 with PEEP ≥ 5 cmH2O
Origin of edema	Respiratory failure is associated with known risk factors and is not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload. An objective assessment of cardiac failure or fluid overload is needed if no risk factor is present
Radiologic abnormalities	Bilateral opacities		Opacities involving at least three quadrants
Additional physiological derangement	N/A		Crs < 40 mL/cmH2O1

¹Respiratory system compliance.

PaO₂: Partial pressure of arterial oxygen; FiO₂: Fractional inspired of oxygen; PEEP: Positive end of expiratory pressure; Crs: Compliance; CPAP: Continuous positive airway pressure; N/A: Not applicable.