Outcome of COVID-19 infection in patients on antihypertensives: A cross-sectional study

Table 1 Characteristic frequency among the study population

Parameter	Total population, n = 260	Nonhypertensive, n = 60	ACEI/ARB, n = 62	Calcium channel blockers, n = 64	ACEI/ARB + CCB, n = 60	Beta-blockers, n = 14	P value
Mean age in years (SD)	55.84 (15.8)	3 9.53 (14.7)1	61.3 (11.9)	60.3 (12.6)	59.83 (13.7)	64 (9.6)	< 0.001
Male	192 (73.8)	35 (58.3)	53 (85.5)	44 (68.8)	48 (85.7)	12 (85.7)	0.005
Female	68 (26.2)	25 (41.7)	9 (14.5)	20 (31.2)	12 (14.3)	2 (14.3)
Duration of antihypertension in years (IQR)	-	-	2-7	2-6	2-8	2-11.25	0.080
Diabetes	105 (40.4)	3 (5)	41 (66.1)2	23 (35.9)	32 (53.3)	6 (42.9)	< 0.001
Hypothyroidism	10 (3.8)	1 (1.7)	4 (6.5)	3 (4.7)	1 (1.7)	1 (7.1)	0.523
Ischemic heart disease	29 (11.2)	1 (1.7)	6 (9.7)	7 (10.9)	11 (18.3)	4 (28.6)4	0.011
Smoking	7 (2.7)	3 (5)	1 (1.6)	-	3 (5)	-	0.301
Mean duration of stay in days (SD)	8.9 (4.5)	10.28 (5.4)	8.2 (4.2)	8.5 (3.4)	8.6 (4.7)	8.57 (4.7)	0.113
Symptoms
Fever	137 (52.7)	18 (30)	38 (61.3)	33 (51.6)	40 (66.7)3	8 (57.1)	0.001
Cough	126 (48.5)	20 (33.3)	33 (53.2)	29 (45.3)	35 (58.3)	9 (64.3)4	0.039
Respiratory distress	81 (31.2)	4 (6.7)	26 (41.9)	22 (34.4)	23 (38.3)	6 (42.9)4	< 0.001
Myalgia	7 (2.7)	4 (6.7)	-	1 (1.6)	2 (3.3)	-	0.190
Sore throat	9 (3.5)	8 (13.3)1	1 (1.6)	-	-	-	< 0.001
Diarrhea	3 (1.2)	-	-	1 (1.6)	1 (1.7)	1 (7.1)	0.195

¹Significant difference between the nonhypertensive group and others.

²Significant difference between the ACEI/ARB group and others.

³Significant difference between the ACEI/ARB + CCB group and others.

⁴Significant difference between the beta-blocker group and others.

Data are n (%) unless indicatedotherwise. ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: Calcium channel blocker; IQR: Interquartile range; SD: Standard deviation.