Why do thoracic epidurals fail? A literature review on thoracic epidural failure and catheter confirmation

doi:10.5492/wjccm.v13.i3.94157

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Sep 9, 2024 (publication date) through Dec 1, 2024

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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2220-3141

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World J Crit Care Med. Sep 9, 2024; 13(3): 94157
Published online Sep 9, 2024. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i3.94157

Table 1 Causes and factors contributing to thoracic epidural failure

Causes of epidural failure	Factors contributing to failure
Incorrect catheter placement	Misplacement into paravertebral space, pleural space, or intravascularly
	Catheters placed at the wrong level
Equipment failure	Debris in the catheter
	Disconnections, air locks, or knotting and kinking of the catheter
Epidural space characteristics and complexities	Midline fat pedicles and adhesions impeding adequate spread of local anesthetics

Citation: Kumar K, Horner F, Aly M, Nair GS, Lin C. Why do thoracic epidurals fail? A literature review on thoracic epidural failure and catheter confirmation. World J Crit Care Med 2024; 13(3): 94157
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3141/full/v13/i3/94157.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5492/wjccm.v13.i3.94157