Copyright
©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Crit Care Med. Sep 9, 2024; 13(3): 94157
Published online Sep 9, 2024. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i3.94157
Published online Sep 9, 2024. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i3.94157
Causes of epidural failure | Factors contributing to failure |
Incorrect catheter placement | Misplacement into paravertebral space, pleural space, or intravascularly |
Catheters placed at the wrong level | |
Equipment failure | Debris in the catheter |
Disconnections, air locks, or knotting and kinking of the catheter | |
Epidural space characteristics and complexities | Midline fat pedicles and adhesions impeding adequate spread of local anesthetics |
- Citation: Kumar K, Horner F, Aly M, Nair GS, Lin C. Why do thoracic epidurals fail? A literature review on thoracic epidural failure and catheter confirmation. World J Crit Care Med 2024; 13(3): 94157
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3141/full/v13/i3/94157.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5492/wjccm.v13.i3.94157