Antimicrobial and synergistic effects of lemongrass and geranium essential oils against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida spp.

Figure 5 Reduction of Candida dubliniensis monotipic biofilm (in %) calculated using the MTT test after treatment with experimental groups. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post-hoc test (n = 10, α = 0.05). Statistical significance is indicated as follows: ^aP ≤ 0.007 vs the control group, ^bP ≤ 0.0005 vs the control group, and ^cP ≤ 0.01 vs the control group. A: Candida dubliniensis biofilm treated for 5 min with Cymbopogon schoenanthus at various concentrations; B: C. dubliniensis biofilm treated for 24 h with Cy. schoenanthus at various concentrations; C: C. dubliniensis biofilm treated for 5 min with Pelargonium graveolens at various concentrations; D: C. dubliniensis biofilm treated for 24 h with P. graveolens at various concentrations.