Causative bacteria of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit in Bahrain: Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility pattern

doi:10.5492/wjccm.v12.i3.165

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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World J Crit Care Med. Jun 9, 2023; 12(3): 165-175
Published online Jun 9, 2023. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v12.i3.165

Table 2 Comparison between ventilator-associated pneumonia and non-ventilator-associated pneumonia groups for risk factors and complications, n (%)

Risk factors and complications		VAP group, n = 46	Non-VAP group, n = 109	P value
Age, mean ± SD		52.74 ± 20.42	61.45 ± 65.05	> 0.5
Sex, males%		32 (69.57)	73 (66.97)	> 0.5
Number of hospital days before intubation, mean ± SD		5.39 ± 8.11	3.38 ± 6.37	> 0.5
Number of ICU days before intubation, mean ± SD		0.52 ± 1.94	0.47 ± 2.78	> 0.5
Presence of comorbidities	Diabetes mellitus	19 (41.30)	54 (49.54)	> 0.5
	Hypertension	19 (41.30)	67 (61.47)	> 0.5
	Chronic kidney disease	7 (15.22)	28 (25.69)	> 0.5
	Ischemic heart disease	6 (13.04)	25 (22.94)	> 0.5
	Neurological disorder	5 (10.87)	9 (8.26)	> 0.5
	Malignancy	4 (8.70)	3 (2.75)	> 0.5
	Liver disease	3 (6.52)	8 (7.34)	> 0.5
	Sickle cell disease	3 (6.52)	3 (2.75)	> 0.5
Hospital course	Length of ICU stay, mean ± SD	21.41 ± 11.89	11.01 ± 10.38	< 0.001^a
	Duration of mechanical ventilation, mean ± SD	16.67 ± 8.70	12.03 ± 10.53	0.009^a
	Extubation	18 (39.13)	79 (72.48)	< 0.001^a
	Need of re-intubation	12 (26.09)	11 (10.09)	0.014^a
	Tracheostomy	14 (30.43)	9 (8.26)	< 0.001^a
Potential complication	Septic shock	28 (60.87)	31 (28.44)	< 0.001^a
	ARDS	15 (32.61)	12 (11.01)	0.002^a
	Acute kidney injury	24 (52.17)	36 (33.03)	0.031^a
	Pneumothorax	1 (2.17)	2 (1.83)	> 0.5
	Mortality, deaths	14 (30.43)	21 (19.27)	> 0.5

^aMeans significant.

ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; VAP: Ventilator-associated pneumonia; ICU: Intensive care unit.

Citation: Hassan ME, Al-Khawaja SA, Saeed NK, Al-Khawaja SA, Al-Awainati M, Radhi SSY, Alsaffar MH, Al-Beltagi M. Causative bacteria of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit in Bahrain: Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility pattern. World J Crit Care Med 2023; 12(3): 165-175
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3141/full/v12/i3/165.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5492/wjccm.v12.i3.165