Point of care venous Doppler ultrasound: Exploring the missing piece of bedside hemodynamic assessment

Figure 4 Example of ultrasound stigmata of severe venous congestion obtained from a patient with congestive heart failure exacerbation and tricuspid regurgitation. A: Dilated inferior vena cava; B: Hepatic vein Doppler demonstrating only D-wave below the baseline; C: Pulsatile portal vein with flow pauses in between the cardiac cycles; D: Ontra-renal vein demonstrating only D-wave below the baseline.